122 ROSi: FAMILY. 



6. GEUM, A YEN'S. (From Greek word, meaning to give an agreeable 

 flavor; the roots of some species somewhat scented.) Several wild species, 

 only the following common : H. laic .-prini: and summer. 11 



G. rivale, PrnrLK or WATKIJ AVENS. In bogs and low grounds N. : 

 thickish root.-tock (sometimes used in mcilicine as an astringent) sending up 

 lyrately and interruptedly pinnate leaves, and ratlier naked several-flowered 

 stems (2 high) ; the flowers pretty large, nodding, with purplish-orange and 

 liroadly oliovate or obeordate petals narrowed at the base, never spreading: in 

 fruit L|IC head of akencs erect, stalkecl in the persistent calyx, the persistent 

 st\les jointed and bent in the middle, the upper part pluniose-liairv. 



G. vernum, SI-KIM; A. Thickets, from Ohio to Illinois and Kentucky: 

 slend-rr, 2-;} higli ; root-leaves rounded heart-shaped and 3-.">-h>hcd. or some 

 of them pinnate and cut ; flowers small, with yellow petals about the length of 

 the simply 5-lohcd calvx ; the head of fruit raised above the calyx on a con- 

 spicuous stalk ; the stvles, &c. smooth, the upper joint falling off 



G. strictum, Fii:i.i> A. Moist grounds and fields : a coarse herb, 3 - 5 

 high, rather hairy, \\ ith root-leaves interruptedly pinnate and the leaflets wedge-, 

 obovatc, those of the stem with 3-5 narrower leaflets; in summer bearing 

 paniclcd flowers with broadly oliovate golden-yellow petals exceeding the calyx ; 

 stipules la rye, deeply cut; head of fruit close in the calyx : the persistent naked 

 style hooked at the end after the short upper joint falls ; receptacle downy. 



G. Virginianum, WHITK A. Thickets and border of woods : 'coarse 

 and bristly-hairy herb l-3 high, with root and lower leaves of several pin- 

 nate leaflets, the upper 3-parted and cut ; the panicled flowers small, with incon- 

 spicuous greenish-white petals .-horter than the calyx ; head of fruit like the 

 last, but its receptacle smooth. 



G. Alburn, WIIITL A. Grows in similar places with the preceding, and 

 like it, but smooth or soft-pubescent, with rout-leaves of 3-5 leaflets, or some 

 of them rounded and simple except a few minute leaflets below ; the petals as 

 long as the calyx, white or pale greenish-yellow ; receptacle of fruit bristlv. 



7. POTENTILLA, CINQUKFOIL, FI VE-KINGKH. (Name from 

 pnti'iix, powerful, from reputed medicinal virtues, but these plants are merely 

 mild astringents.) Wild plants of the countrv, except those of the last 

 section, and one yellow one : but the .S/irtt/iliy Cinquefoil is also planted. 



1. Petals pale yellow, small, not surpassing the calyx. 



P. Norv6gica, NORWAY C. An erect, hairy, weedy plant, l-2high, 

 branching above, with only 3 obovate-oblong and cut-toothed leaflets : fl. sum- 

 mer, in fields. 



P. paraclpxa. A spreading or procumbent, pubescent, weedy plant, on 

 river-banks \V., with pinnate leaves of 5 - ;i obovate-obloiiLT cut-toothed leaflets, 

 and akenes with a thick appendage at their base : fl. summer. 



2. Pi tnls whitishor cream-color, bj'oad, surpassing the calyx: akenes smooth. 11 



P. arguta. A stout, erect, hrowuMi-liairy, coarse plant, l-4 high, 

 rather clammy above, on rocky hills N. & W., with pinnate leaves of 3 - !l o\al 

 or ovate CUt-tOOthed leaflets soft-down v beneath, ami a close terminal cluster of 

 rather large flowers, of no beauty, in summer. 



3. Pctd/x bright yellow, hirijrr thnii lln lii/M-i i>l' tin i-iili/r. 1f_ 



# Leaves of 5 digital* /ifl<t*. 



P. r6cta. (.''ult. in some old gardens, from Ku. : a coarse, erect, hairy 

 plant, 2 - 3 high, with sometimes 7 narrowly \vedge-oblong leaflets coarsely 

 toothed, and rather large cymose flowers. 



P. CanadensiS, COMMON WILD C. or Fivi:-riM;Kit. Open dry ground : 

 dwarf, silky-hairv. with wedge-obovate leaflets, and axillary l-flowered pedun- 

 cles ; flowering from early spring to midsummer, and spreading by runners. 



Var. simplex, in moister or richer soil, usually well marked by its greater 

 size and greener foliage ; the stems l-2 long, ascending or spreading from 

 a short tuberous rootstock ; leaflets more oblong; flowers produced through the 

 summer. 



