ROSE FAMILY. 129 



C. parvif61ia, SMALL-LEAVED or DWARF THOR.V. Pine-barrens from 

 N. Jersey S. : shrub .3 - 6 high, downy, with thick and firm spatulate-obovate 

 crenate leaves, these us well as the mostly solitary flowers almost sessile, calyx- 

 lobes glandular-toothed and as long as the petals ; the large fruit pear-shaped 

 or globular, at first hairy, greenish and yellowish. 



16. COTONEASTER. (Cotoneum was a Roman name of the Quince. 

 Name here alludes to the cottony covering of the shoots, lower face of the 

 leaves, &c. of these small-leaved and small-flowered, chiefly Old -World 

 shrubs.) 



C. vulgaris. Planted from Eu. : hardy shrub, 2 -4 high, much branched, 

 with deciduous ovate or rounded leaves hardly 1' long, glabrous calyx, flesh- 

 colored or white flowers in spring, and reddish fruit. And some rarer, evergreen 

 species are in choicer ornamental grounds. 



17. PHOTINIA. (From Greek word for shining, alluding to the glossy 

 leaves of the genuine species.) Choice greenhouse shrubs or small trees, 

 hardy S., with large evergreen leaves. 



P. arbutifdlia, of California, a smooth shrub, with rigid sharply-toothed 

 leaves and broad panicle of white flowers, should be hardy S. of Penn. 



P. serrulata, of Japan and China, is smooth, with longer finely serrulate 

 leaves, and copious white flowers. 



P. (or Eriobotrya) Japonica, the LOQUAT-TREE, of Japan, with 

 almost entire leaves nearly 1 long, the lower surface and corymb clothed with 

 dense rather rusty wool, has fewer and larger downy yellowish-white flowers, 

 and an edible yellow fruit, resembling a small apple, with 1-5 large seeds. 



18. AMELANCHIER, JUNE-BERRY, SERVICE-BERRY. (Pop- 

 ular name of the European species in Savoy.) Flowering in spring, and pro- 

 ducing the berry-like purplish fruit (edible, sweet, sometimes very pleasant- 

 flavored) in summer. We have apparently two or three wild species; but 

 they run together so that botanists incline to regard them as forms of one. 



A. Canadensis, also called SHADBUSH in New England, because it 

 blossoms just when shad appear in the rivers. Var. BOTRYA.PIUM is the 

 tree, smooth even from the first, or nearly so, with ovate-oblong very sharply 

 serrate leaves, long loose racemes, and oblong petals 4 times the length of the 

 calyx. Var. OBLONGIF^LIA is either tree or shrub, with the oblong leaves and 

 branchlets white-cottony when young, and the racemes and petals shorter. 

 Var. ALNIFOLIA, chiefly W., is a shrub with roundish blunt leaves toothed only 

 towards the summit, and flowers like the preceding. Var. OLIGOCA.RPA, is a 

 shrub of cold bogs N., very smooth, with thin oblong sharply-serrate leaves, and 

 only 2-5 flowers in the raceme. 



19. PYRTJS, PEAR, APPLE, &c. (Classical name of the Pear-tree.) 



Botanic-ally the genus is made to include a great variety of things, agreeing 

 in the cartilaginous, parchment-like, or thin-walled cells that contain the 

 seeds. Wood hard and tough. Fl. spring. 



1. PEAR. Leaves simple : flowers in a simple corymb or cluster : fruit tvil/t its 

 base tapering doicn to the stalk. 



P. communis, COMMON PEAR. Cult, from Eu. : a smooth tree, with 

 branches inclined to be thorny, ovate leaves, and pure white flowers, the an- 

 thers purple. 



2. APPLE. Leaves simple : flowers shoir//, in a sim/>lp r/usti r nr simple umbel: 

 fruit sunken (itmbilicate) at both < mis, IS/HI-HI//I/ at the base. 



* Exotic : leaves simply and evenly serrate, orate or oltlona. 



P. Malus, COMMON APPLE. Cult, from Eu. : tree with buds, lower face 

 of the leaves when young, and calyx woolly, flowers white and tinged with 

 pink, and large fruit. 

 9 



