200 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



high, leaves twice pinnatcly divided into rather coarse ovate leaflets, and loose 

 corymbs of nithcr -mull head-, iu -mumer. A double-flowered variety has the 

 disk-corollas transformed into white or whitish tubes. 



C. parthenioides, l)i>ri;u.-ri,. m- I'.U:>I.H-LK.VVI-:I> FIOVKKFKW, from 

 China ; probably a low. liner-leaved, ami much altered full double variety of the 

 foregoing, with ] Hi re white (lowers all in the form of rays, produced through the 

 summer and aiitmir.i. 



2. CHRYSANTHEMUMS f tln> (/uri/m* , tin- jlnim-* f i-<iri<ms colors, but only 



111 Ct rt-iiii niriifii.f ir/n'tr. 



C. r6seum, from Persia and X. Asia, with simple stems bearing once or 



twice pimiately divided smooth leaves with linear divisions, and at the naked 

 summit single head- as larue as tho-c of \Vhiteweed, but with pale rose or bright 

 pink-red ra\s (and in some varieties full double), is coming into ornamental 

 cultivation : the pulveri/.ed flower-heads form the well-known Persian Insect 

 powder : H. summer. T 



C. Indicum, parent of the CHINKSI: ( 'n i; vs .\\TIIICMUMS, flowering in 

 late autumn, of numerous forms and colors, mostly full-double, <c. from China 

 and Japan. If. 



C. coronarium, SI-MMKU rmtvs.vxTHKMrM, with yellow or sometimes 

 whitish flowers, cult, from X. Africa ; smooth, with branching stems, twice 

 pinnately ].arted leaves with aurieled and clasping ha-e, and lanceolate or linear 

 cut-toothed divisions ; the involucre of hroad and .-carious scale-. i 



45. HELENIUM, SNKK/KWEKD. (Tin- old Creek name of some very 

 different plant named after Helen.) North American herbs. 



H. autumnale, the commonest species, wild in low "rounds, l-4 high, 

 with ianc'-olaie loothed leaves, their base often deeurrent on the stem, and a 

 corymb of showy yellow-flowered heads, the rays often drooping, in au- 



tumn. 2/ 



46. GAILLARDIA. (Xaniedfor <;<it'(/<inl, a Freneli amateur of botany.) 



North American low or spreading lierbs : fl. all summer. 



G. lanceol^,ta, wild from Carolina S. in pine barrens, has narrow mostly 

 entire laiiceolati 1 leaves, commonly small and few vellow ravs, and purple disk- 

 flowers. d ~y. 



G. pu.lch.611a, wild fVom Louisiana \V. and cult, for ornament (one form 

 called ('. IMCTV), has broader leaves, some of them cut-toothed or lobed, and 

 showy beads with the large rays mostly brownish crimson-purple with yellow 

 tips. i 



G. aristata, wild from Mis-ouri W., and cult., is more ilowny than the 

 last, |i-<s branched, with large showy ravs yellow throughout, or their base 

 brown-purple. Tj. 



47. GAZANIA. (Named for a learned ecde-ia-tic of the middle ages, 



TliKHlm; il< <;<i:,i.) South African plants of the' con.-er\ aiory, and flowering 

 all summer when b'-dded out. 



G. rigens, also named S|.|.I':M)I.NS, of Cape of Good Hope, with short 



stems spreading on the Around, hcariiiLr spatulate entire or some jiinnatitid 

 leave-;, \\liich are nearly .-mootli and green above, but ^-ely silvery with white 

 cotton underneath, and a lar:e sho\\ y head, the orange ravs over 1' long, and 

 with a dark eye-spot ai base. "^. 



48. CALENDULA, MARIGOLD. (Xame from the Latin aikndce or 

 cat, //./>; tlowcring through the months.) 



C. officinalis, (;.\HDK\ M MIIGOLD, of the Old World ; cult, in country 

 gardens, 1 hi-h. spreading, with green and succulent oblong and entire sessile 

 leaves, rather unpleasantly scented, and large head of yellow flowers, produced 

 all summer, sometimes nearly full-double, most of the corollas being strap- 

 shaped. 



