COMPOSITE FAMILV. 203 



coarsely toothed leaflets, outer involucre much longer than the head, and wrdge- 

 obovate akcnes ciliate with upturned bristles, and 2-awned. 



B. COnnata, SWAMT B. Low grounds; smooth, l-2 high, with simple 

 lanceolate and taper-pointed leaves, or the lower 3-tlivided and decurreiit on the. 

 petiole, smaller heads, narrow wedge-shaped akeues minutely and downwardly 

 ciliatc and bearing about .3 awns. 



* * Low smooth herbs, with sltoiry golden yellow rays 1 ' long. 



B. chrysanthemoides, LARGER BUR-MARIGOLD. Shallow water or 

 wet places, G'-30' high, with simple lanceolate sessile sen-ate leaves, outer 

 involucre shorter than the rays, and wedge-shaped akcnes with almost prickly 

 downwardly barbed margins and 2-4 awns. 



2. Akenes linear or needle-shaped. 



B. Beckii, WATER B. Immersed in water, N. and W., the single short- 

 peduncled heads rising above the surface, and with showy rays ; leaves cut into 

 very numerous fine hair-like divisions ; awns of the stout akcnes 4-6, barbed 

 near the tip. 



B. bipinnata. Dry soil, from Conn, to 111. and S., 1 - 3 high, branched, 

 with 1 -3-pinnately parted petioled leaves, ovate-lanceolate leaflets, small heads, 

 short pale-yellow rays, and slender akenes with 3-4 barbed awns. 



54. ACTINOMERIS. (Greek-made name, alluding to the irregularity 

 of the rays in the commonest species.) 2/ 



A. squarrbsa, common in low rich soil from TV. New York S. & W. ; with 

 branching stems 4 - 8 high, lance-oblong leaves tapering to both ends, nu- 

 merous rather corymbed heads, spreading involucre, 4-10 irregular rays, and 

 broadly winged akenes : fl. Sept. 



A. helianthoides, in open grounds W. & S., resembles a Sunflower as 

 the name denotes, l-3 high, with more hairy lance-ovate sessile leaves, few 

 and larger heads, erect involucre, 8-15 regular rays, and slightly winged 

 akcnes : fl. summer. 



55. VERBESINA, CROWNBEARLX (Origin of name obscure.) Ours 

 are tall (4 -7 high) branching herbs in rich soil, with compound corymbs 

 of small heads : fl. summer. ^ 



V. Siegesbeckia, from S. Pcnn. to 111. & S., has 4-winged steins, smooth- 

 ish, large and thin ovate and opposite leaves pointed at both ends, yellow flow- 

 ers, and wingless akenes. 



V. Virginica, of same range, has stem, less winged, smaller lance-ovate alter- 

 nate leaves soft-downy beneath, white flowers, and narrowly winged akenes. 



56. XIMINESIA. (Named for J. Xinu'ncs, a Spanish apothecary.) 



X. encelioides, of Texas and Mexico, and cult, for ornament, 2 high, 

 spreading, rather hoary, at least the lower face of the oblong or heart-shaped 

 clasping serrate leaves' ; the bright yellow heads somewhat corymbed, showy, 

 the rays deeply 3-toothed : fl. all summer. 



57. HELIANTHUS, SUNFLOWER (which the name means in Greek). 

 The following are the commonest of the numerous specie.-, many of which are 

 difficult. 



1. Receptacle flat and very broad : disk brownish : leaves alternate, Irouil 

 and triple-ribbed, petioled : Ji. summer. Cult, for ornament : ici/d only far 

 S- IF". .' fl. all summer, 



H. annuus, the GREAT COMMON SUNFLOWER of the gardens, with huge 

 heads ; leaves green, ronghish, not hoary. 



H. argophyllus, of Texas, cult, for its hoary-white foliage ; heads smaller. 



2. 11 Receptacle and disk coiur.r : heads middle-sized or rallter small: flouxr- 

 iii'i throuyhuut late summer and autumn. 



