PRIMROSE FAMILY. 223 



* # From a depressed or biscuit-shaped fleslnj corm. 



3. CYCLAMEN. Flower resembling that of Dodecatheon, but only one on a 



scape or stalk. Anthers sessile, pointed. 



2. With leofy stems, the leaves simple and chiefly entire, 

 # In one tohorl at the summit of the slender stem: parts of the flower 7. 



4. TRIENTALIS. Calyx and corolla wheel-shaped, of mostly 7 divisions united 



only at base, those of the former linear-lanceolate, of the latter oblon 

 both pointed. Filaments united in a ring at base: anthers oblong, curving 

 when old. Flowers white. 



# * Tre pairs or whorls along the stems : parts of the flower mostly 5. 



5. LYSIMACHIA. Corolla yellow, wheel-shaped, 5-parted (or rarely of 5, 6, or 



even 7 nearly or quite separate narrow petals). Filaments beardless, often 

 monadelphous at base. Pod splitting into valves. 



6. ANAGALLIS. Corolla red, blue, or white, wheel-shaped, the 5 divisions broad. 



Filament-* bearded. Pod (a pyxis) open by a transverse division, the top 

 falling oft* as a lid, many-seeded. 



* * # Alternate leaves along the branching stems : base of calyx and ovary coherent. 



7. SAMOLUS. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, with a little body 



like a sterile filament in the clefts. Stamens included. Pod many-seeded, 

 splitting into 5 valves. Flowers small, white, in racemes. 



3. With hollow inflated leafy stems ; the leaves wlwrled or scattered, the lower ones 

 pinnately parted : parts of the flower 5. 



8. HOTTONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short salver-shaped : stamens included. 



Pod opening by 5 clefts down the side, many-seeded. Flowers small, in 

 whorls along the upper part of the stem and branches. 



1. PRIMULA, PRIMROSE, COWSLIP, &c. (Name from primns, 



spring, from the flowering-time of true Primrose.) ^ Tw r o small species 

 are scarce along our northern borders (see Manual) : the following are the 

 common ones cult, for ornament. 



* Tender house-plant, with inflated conical calyx, and round-heart-shaped 7 9- 



lobed leaves. 



P. Sinensis, CHINESE PRIMROSE, a downy plant, with often proliferous 

 umbels of large and showy flowers, purple, rose, or white, sometimes double, 

 in one variety cut-fringed. 



* * Hardi/ or nearly so, from Eu , with larrjc tubular or oblong-bell-shaped nni/lnl 



ai/i/.r, inn! wrinkled-veiny oblony or aputn/nt/' /W;/vs /ii/>< : /-<>ty into short wintj- 

 margined petioles : flowers naturally yellow, in sprint/. 



P. grandifl6ra (or ACAULIS), TRUE PRIMROSE, has leaves somewhat 

 hairy beneath, and the large flowers rising on slender pedicels from their axils, 

 the proper scapes not developed ; corolla flat, sulphur-yellow. 



P. officinalis (or VERIS), ENGLISH COWSLIP; somewhat pubescent with 

 minute pale down, .-capes bearing the umbels above the leaves, much smaller 

 flowers of deeper color, and the limb of corolla rather concave or cup-like, tin- 

 throat commonly orange. The sorts of POLYANTHUS arc cultivated varictie-, 

 with flowers enlarged, of various colors, or partycolored, often more or less 

 double. 



* * * Srtiri'f'/i/ Jut r<l>/ N., irith bcll-slinpcd mli/.r much shorter than t/n- /'ini/n/- 



shaped corolla, and smooth and tiiicl.- obovate /mi-t-s, mostly covered icit/i 



some fine mealiness. 



P. Auricula, AURICULA, of Southern Europe; low, with sessile leaves, 

 and scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pale yellow, with varieties white, 

 purple, or of various hues, sometimes full double. 



2. DODECATHEON. (Fanciful name, from Greek for 



D. Meadia, called SHOOTING-STAR at the Wot, or sometime.- AMI. KM \N 

 COWSLIP : in rich open woods from IVnn. S. and especially W., and cult, for 

 ornament : smooth, with a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves around the base 



