298 NETTLE FAMILY. 



ru-ty-downy buds ; leaves 4'- 8' long, doubly serrate, very rough above ; these 

 mid the flowers sweet-scented in drying; calyx-lobes and stamens 7 -'J; fruit 

 much less than I' IOIILT, the seed-be. mn:_ r centre pubescent. 



U. montana, Wvm or Scon n ELM. Planted from En. : leaves smaller 

 and less rough ; buds not downy ; calyx-lulu-, and stamens about 5 ; fruits 1' 

 long, smooth. 



'2. Leaves smooth above, smaller: notch at the summit of the fruit reaching nearly 

 to the seed-bearing cell : fruit only about ^' ion*;. 



* European species occasionally planted : Jfawers in dose clusters: pedicels very 



short or hurdly an// : xta/tiens 4 or 5 : fruit smooth, round-obovate. 



TJ. camp^Stris (or GI..VHRA), ENGLISH ELM. Large tree with rather short 

 horizontal or a.M-ending brandies ; leaves 2'-4' long, mostly or soon smooth. 



U. suberosa, EL-ROI-EAN CORK-ELM. Probably a mere variety of the 

 preceding, with thiek plates of cork ou the branches. 



* * Wil<I .';>!<*, with theflowers soon hanging on slender stalks, which are jointed 



above, tin' middle : fruit ovate or oval, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, the margin 

 downy-ciliate at least whtn younij. 



U. Americana, AMERICAN or WHITE EI,M. Well known large tree, 



with long a>c, ruling brandies gradually spreading, drooping slender branchlets, 

 wliidi arc smooth as well as the buds, not corky; the abruptly pointed leaves 

 a' - 4' long ; flowers in close clusters, with usually 7 - 'J calyx-lobes and stamens ; 

 fruit smooth except the margins, its incurved points closing the notch. 



U. racembsa, CORKY WHITE EI..M. Resembles the foregoing, bat with 

 downy-ciliate bud-scales ; branches becoming corky, young branchlete some- 

 what pubescent, leaves with straighter veins, and flowers raccmed. 



U. alata, WHAHOO or WINGED ELM. Virginia to 111. and S. : small 

 tree, with bud-scales and branchlets nearly smooth, winged plates of cork on 

 the branches, and small thickish leaves (l'-2' long) almost sessile. 



2. PLANERA, PLANER-TREE. (Named for 7. ./. rinner, a German 

 Botanist.) Flowers greenish, appearing with the leaves in early spring. 



P. aquatica, AMERICAN P. River swamps, from Kentucky S. : small 

 tree, leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular 

 warts or crests. 



3. CELTIS, HACKBERRY or NETTLE-TREE. (Ancient Greek name 

 for the Lotus-berry, produced by the European ,-pccics.) Fl. spring: fruit 

 ripe in autumn, eatable. 



C. OCCidentalis, AMERICAN H. Small or middle-sized tree, of rich low 



grounds ; with reticulated ovate, and taper-pointed serrate or entire leaves, 

 oblique or partly heart-shaped at base, sweet thin-fleshed fruit as large as a pea. 

 Var. rr.MiLA, a straggling bush, chiefly S., only 4 - 10 high. 



4. FICUS, FIG. (The Latin, altered from the Greek name of the Fig.) 



F. Carica, COMMON FIG. Cult, from the Levant, as a hou.se-plant, N. : 

 leaves broad, 3 - 5-lobed, ronghish above, rather downy beneath; figs single in 

 the axils, pear-shaped, luscious. 



F. elastica, IWDIA-RUBBER-TBBB of E. Indies (not that of S. America) : 

 tree cult in conservatories for its beautiful leaves, 6' - 10' long, oval-oblong, 

 entire, thiek, smooth, bright green, glossy above. 



F. ripens, from china, a delicate creeping species, fixing itself firmly by 

 rootlet.> and covering walls in conservatories; leaves 1' or less long, oblong- 

 ovate, with unequal partlv heart -shaped base. 



5. MORUS, MULBERRY. (Old Greek and Latin name.) Leaves heart- 

 shaped or ovate, mo<tlv serrate, often palmately lobed : short catkin-like 

 spikes axillary or lateral ; 11. spring : fruit in summer, eatable. 



M. rubra, RED MI-I-HERUY. Low tree, wild in rich woods or along 

 streams; leaves rough above, downy beneath, pointed ; spikes often dioecious, 

 fruit cylindrical, red, turning dark purple. 



