304 OAK FAMILY. 



Q. imbricaria, LATRKL or SHINGLE OAK. Rather sterile soil, from New 

 ,Jer-e\- \V. iv S. \V. : & middle-si/.ed tn-c, with laurel-like lance-oblong leaves 

 , more or le.-s down\ heneaih. 



*- *- Leaves widening H/iu-nnls, where they are sometimes moderately 3 - 5-lobed : 



acorns globular, uroid, small. 



Q. aquatica, WATKU OAK. Wet ground from Maryland S. : a small 

 tree, with very smooth and glossy obovate-spatulate oblanceolate or wedge- 



(.' long leaves long-tapering at ha>e ; cup >aueer-shaped. 



Q. nigra, BLA K .1 u K or I'> \KKI.N <>\K. llanvns, from New York S. 

 & W. : low tree (x- 25 high), with wedge-shaped lea\e.- widelv dilated and 

 mostly .'{-lolied at summit, but often rounded at the narrow base, rusty-downy 

 beneath, smooth and glo.-sy above- ; run top-.-liaped, coarse-scaly. 



* * BLACK and RED OAKS, ///'//< long-petioled and sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid 



deciduous leaves. 

 -- Downy beneath even when mature : cup saucer-shaped with top-shaped base. 



Q. ilicifblia, BEAR or BLACK SCRUB-OAK. Sterile hills and barrens, 

 Iiio>tly X. & \V. : shrub 3 -8 high, straggling; leaves obovate with \\edire- 

 shaped base, above angularly 3-7-lobed, whitish-downy beneath; acorn ovoid, 

 narelv i' long. 



Q. falcata, SPANISH OAK. Dry soil, New Jersey to 111. >>nd S. : large 

 tree, \\ith oblong leaves obtuse or rounded at base, 3-5-lobed above, -ravish or 

 yellowish-downy beneath, the lobes mostly narrow and entire or sparingly 

 toothed and somewhat curved ; acorn globular, hardly ' long. 



i- -- Mature leaves smooth on both sides or nearly so, generally ovate, oblong, or 

 some of the larger obovate in mil /inf., and varying from sinuutely to deeply 

 IK in/a/ i/id, turning various bhades of red or crimson in late autumn : wood 

 course-grained. 



-* Leaves with wedge-shaped base and short petiole, rather thick and coriaceous. 



Q. Catesbaei, TITHKEY or BAI:KI:NS SCRCH-OAK. Small tree in pine 

 barrens S. : leaves deeply pinnatilid or ,'5-5-cleft, the long and narrow or un- 

 equal lobes somewhat seytlie-sliaped and often nearly entire ; cup very thick 

 and of coarse scales, 1' or less broad, half enclosing the ovoid nut. 



* *- Leaves mostly rounded or obtuse at the. base, slender-petioled, tlinnn: 



Q. COCCinea, SCARLET OAK. Dr\ 01 barely moist soil : large tree, with 



gray bark, the interior reddish, rather firm leaves more or le> glo-y above and 



deeply pinuatitid ; cup roarse-scaly, toji-shajied or hemispherical with a eonical 



h:iM'. eo\-ering half or more of the roiindi.h acorn (this i'-ij' long). 



\'ar. tinct6ria, < A >i i-.m ri 'Kov, VI.I.I.IIW-I:AHKI:I). or I.I.ACK (>.VK. Bark 

 of trunk darker-colored, thicker, rougher, internally orange (i|iierritron), and 

 much more valuable to the tanner and d\er; eii]i less top-shaped; h-avcs less 

 pimiatilid or some of them harelv sinuate, thinner, less glossy, and more like 

 those of the next. 



Q. rilbra, l>'i:i> <>VK. Common ill rich and poor soil: large tree, with 

 dark gray smoothi-h bark, very eoarse reddish wood, and tliinuisli moderately 

 jiinnatititl leaves; <-np saucer-shaped, se--ile or on a short and alirujit narrow 

 ;u-ek, of line clo-<- scales, very much shorter than the nearly oblong acorn (this 

 1' or less in length ). 



Q. palustris, SWAMI- SPANISH or I'iv OVK. Low grounds, only N. : 

 middle-sized tree, with le.-s coar.-e wood, deejil\ pinnatiliil smooth leaves with 

 their divergent |ol> separated bv broad and rounded sinuses: euji llat-saucer- 

 shajied with a -hon -ealv base or stalk, of line seales, very much shorter than 

 the roiindi>h aeoni, which is barelv .',' in length. 



2. CASTANEA, CIIKSTNTT. (Cla^i.-al name, taken from that of a 

 town in Thessaly.) Flowers in summer, appearing later than the elongated 

 strongly straight-veined and merely serrate leaves. 



C. V^SCa, Krnoi-K vx CIIKSTNTT : seldom planted : large tree, with oblong- 

 laneeolate pointed leaves beset with coarse sharp-pointed teeth, when mature 

 smooth ami green both sides ; nuts 2 or 3 in each involucre. 



