CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 713 



Eupatoriuui scbandiauuni, which is added to Mate as a sweet- 

 ening agent, contains two sweet gluc.osides ; eupatorin and reban- 

 din ; a bitter principle, and a resin. 



GRINDELIA species.- -The plants are perennial, greenish-yellow, 

 resinous herbs, sometimes being under-shrubs, with alternate, 

 sessile or clasping, oblong to lanceolate, spinulose-dentate leaves, 

 and large, terminal, yellowish heads, consisting of both ligulate 

 and tubular flowers. The leaves and flowering tops of Grindelia 

 caniporum, G. cuneifolia and G. squarrosa are official. 



Erigeron canadensis or Leptilon canadcnsc (Canada fleabane) 

 is an annual or biennial, hispid-pubescent herb found growing 

 in fields and waste places in nearly all parts of the world. The 

 stems are simple, with numerous crowded leaves and numerous 

 flowers occurring in terminal panicles. The plants are sometimes 

 branched and I to 3 M. high. The leaves are linear, nearly entire, 

 of a pale green color, the lower and basal ones being spatulate, 

 petiolate and dentate or incised. The flowers are white and the 

 heads are composed of both ligulate and tubular florets, the former 

 being pistillate and not longer than the diameter of the disk. The 

 pappus consists of numerous capillary bristles and the involucre, 

 which is campanulate, consists of five or six series of narrow, 

 erect bracts. The fresh flowering herb contains 0.3 to 0.4 per cent, 

 of a volatile oil which is official, tannin, and a small amount of 

 gallic acid. The oil is obtained by distillation and consists chiefly 

 of d-limonene. 



The genus Erigeron includes a number of species which have 

 medicinal properties. E. annnus (Sweet scabious or Daisy flea- 

 bane) is a low, branching, annual herb, characterized by its linear- 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate leaves and its conspicuous flowers, 

 which resemble those oi the common daisy, the ray-flowers often 

 being tinged with purple (Fig. 393). It contains a volatile oil 

 resembling that of Canada fleabane, and tannin. The Philadel- 

 phia fleabane (Erigeron pJiiladelphicits} is a perennial herb pro- 

 ducing stolons, and has clasping or cordate leaves, the basal being 

 spatulate, and is further distinguished by its light purplish-red 

 ray-flowers. 



AntJicniis nobilis (Roman chamomile) is an annual or peren- 



