MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 



385 



coalesced the calyx and corolla are called GAMOSEPALOUS (syn- 

 sepalous) and GAMOPETALOUS (sympetalous), respectively. 



When the divisions of the calyx or corolla are entirely united 

 these elements are said to be ENTIRE, and when the divisions are 



FIG. 225. Flowers of Solanaceae. Solanum carolinense: A, portion of shoot showing 

 a short raceme of flowers and the spinose leaves and stems; B, diagram of cross section 

 of flower showing sepals (s), petals (p), stamens (a) and ovary (c) ; C, longitudinal section 

 of flower, the letters the same as in B; D, stamen showing terminal pores; E, two spheroidal 

 pollen grains; F, cross section of 2-locular berry. 



Hyoscyamus muticus: G, section of flower showing calyx (c), lobed corolla (p), stamens 

 inserted on corolla tube (s) and ovary (o) bearing at the summit a long style; H, pollen 

 grains in different views; J, portion of stalk with fruits showing cylindrical calyx, the 

 fruit really being enclosed within the calyx and in the nature of a pyxis. 



partly united they are spoken of as ' toothed," ' lobed," or 

 ' parted," according to the degree of union. 



In the flowers of the Cruci ferae and Caryophyllaceae there is a 



conspicuous stalk to each of the separate petals, which is known 



as the UNGUIS or CLAW; while the upper outspreading portion is 



known as the LAMINA or blade. In the gamosepalous calyx and 



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