CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 691 



slightly irregular, purplish flowers ; the inner surface of the corolla 

 is spotted, the stamens are didynamous, and the upper calyx 

 segment is narrower than the others. The leaves are official in all 

 the pharmacopoeias. 



The Scrophulariacese are well represented in the United States, 

 and a number of the plants have medicinal properties. The com- 

 mon MULLEIN (Verbascum Thapsus) contains a volatile oil, 

 two resins, and a bitter principle. The flowers of mullein contain 

 the same principles and in addition a yellow coloring principle. 

 Other species of Verbascum are used in medicine in different 

 parts of the world. 



BUTTER-AND-EGGS (Linarid vulgaris) contains a crystalline 

 principle, linariin, antirrhinic acid, a volatile oil, resin, and tannin. 

 Several species of Scrophularia, as S. iwdosa of Europe and S\ 

 marilandica of the Eastern United States, contain a pungent 

 resin and a trace of an alkaloid. TURTLE-HEAD (Chclonc glabra] 

 (Fig. 382) contains a bitter principle and gallic acid. The plant of 

 HYSSOP (Gratiola officinalis) of Europe contains gratiolin, a bitter 

 glucoside, and gratiosolin. The leaves of Curanga amara of the 

 East Indies contain a glucoside, curanjiin, which resembles digi- 

 talin in its action. 



h. BIGNONIACE^E OR TRUMPET-CREEPER FAM- 

 ILY.- -The plants are shrubs, trees or woody vines, and are repre- 

 sented in the United States by the catalpa tree (Cat alp a bigno- 

 nioides) and the trumpet creeper (Tccouia radicans}. The bark, 

 pods, and seeds of CATALPA have been used in medicine and con- 

 tain a bitter principle, catalpin, a glucoside, and several crystalline 

 principles. The TRUMPET CREEPER contains narcotic poisonous 

 principles. The leaflets of CAROBA (Jacaranda Copaia} and other 

 species of Jacaranda contain the alkaloid carobine, an aromatic 

 resin, carobone, and a principle having the odor of coumarin. 



i. PEDALIACEyE. The plants are herbs indigenous to the 

 Tropics of the Old World, some of which are now cultivated in 

 the Tropics of both hemispheres. Benne oil (oil of sesame) is 

 obtained from the seeds of Sesamum indicum by expression. It 

 consists chiefly of a glycerite of oleic acid, a glycerite of linoleic 

 acid, and myristin, palmitin, and stearin. It is a bland, non-drying 

 oil and is used like olive oil. 



