CELL-CONTENTS AND FORMS OF CELLS. 169 



DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSIDES.- -This class of substances has 

 only been isolated in the Dicotyledons, being present in the Pina- 

 ceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Salicaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, 

 Urticaceae, Proteaceae, Santalaceae, Polygonaceae, Caryophyllaceae, 

 Ranunculaceae, Magnoliaceae, Calycanthaceae, Anonaceae, Moni- 

 miaceae, Cruciferae, Saxifragaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Tropaeo- 

 laceae, Linaceae, Rutaceae, Simarubaceae, Polygalaceae, Anacar- 

 diaceae, Corynocarpaceae, Aquifoliaceas, Celastraceae, Hippocas- 

 tanaceae, Sapindaceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae, Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, 

 Theaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Cistaceae, Caricaceae, Datiscaceae, 

 Thymelaeaceae, Lythraceae, Punicaceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, 

 Araliaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae, Sapotaceae, Oleaceae, Logania- 

 ceae, Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, 

 Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginaceas, Verbenaceae, Labiatae, Solanaceae, 

 Scrophulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Globulariaceae, 

 Rubiaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Compositae. 



CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION. The natural glucosides may be 

 grouped either according to the nature of the sugar formed on 

 hydrolysis or their probable organic derivatives. Most glucosides 

 yield either dextrose or rhamnose. (i) Of the dextrose-gluco- 

 sides the following may be mentioned : JEsculin, amygdalin, arbu- 

 tin, coniferin, fraxin, gaultherin, gossypetin, gynocardin, indican, 

 iridin, linamarin, phloridzin, populin, prulaurasin, ruberithrinic 

 acid, salicin, sambunigrin, saponarin, serotin, sinalbin, sinigrin, 

 and syringin. (2) Of the rhamnose-glucosides the following may 

 be mentioned : Baptisin, datiscin, f rangulin, fustin, glycyphyllin, 

 and quercitrin. (3) There are a few glucosides which yield 

 peculiar sugars, as apiin, which on hydrolysis gives apiose and 

 dextrose ; barbaloin forms d-arabinose ; convolvulin yields rho- 

 deose and dextrose ; digitalin forms digitalose and dextrose ; 

 digitonin forms galactose and dextrose ; digitoxin yields digi- 

 toxose ; gentiin yields xylose and dextrose ; hesperidin forms 

 rhamnose and dextrose, which are also formed from naringin and 

 rutin ; robinin forms galactose and rhamnose ; strophanthin yields 

 rhamnose and mannose ; vicianin forms arabinose and dextrose ; 

 and xanthorhamnin yields galactose and rhamnose. 



Rosenthaler (Pharm. Zentralh., 1907, p. 94) has attempted 

 to group the glucosides, according to the constitution of the non- 



