INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



399 



Exoskel'eton (eo>, outside, and skeleton, 

 from tr/ce'AAw to dry), the external or 

 skin-skeleton : CUticular, 239, 277-279 : 



cuticular and calcified, 315, 320 : epi- 

 dermal (hair and nails): dermal, 312, 325 

 Eye-spots or Ocelli : Medusa, 241 : 

 Polygordius, 290, 299 



Faeces ( faex, dregs), solid excrement, 

 consisting of the undigested portions of 

 the food, 1 6 



Ferm'ent (fermentum, yeast, fromfer- 

 veo, to boil or ferment), a substance 

 which induces fermenta'tion, i.e. a 

 definite chemical change, in certain sub- 

 stances with which it is brought into 

 contact, without itself undergoing 

 change : unorganized and organized 

 ferments So : alcoholic, 76-81 : ace- 

 tous, 91 : diastatic or amylolytic, 81 : 

 lactic, 91 : peptonizing or proteolytic, 

 8 1 : putrefactive, 91 : ferment-cells of 

 Mucor, 168 



FERNS : Figures, 346, 356 : general 

 characters 3H> 345 : histology of stem, 

 leaf, and root, 344-354 : nutrition, 354 : 

 spore-formation, 355 : prothallus and 

 gonads, 357-358 : development, 359 : al- 

 ternation of generations, 361 



Fertiliza'tion (fertilis, bearing fruit) ; 

 the process of conjugation of a sperm or 

 sperm-nucleus with an ovum, whereby 

 the latter is rendered capable of develop- 

 ment : a special case of conjugation 

 (q.v.), 199 : details of process, 263 : in 

 Vaucheria, 173 : in Gynmosperms, 376, 

 in Angiosperms, 383 



Filtering air, method of, 99 



Fins, Dogfish 324 



Fiss ion (fissio, a cleaving), simple or 

 binary, the division of a mother- cell 

 into two daughter-cells : in Amoeba, 19 ; 

 Heteromita, 40 : animal- and plant-cells 

 generally, 65-67 : Paramoecium, 114 : 

 Vorticella 131 



Fission, multiple, the division of a 

 mother- cell into numerous daughter- 

 cells : in Heteromita, 42 : Protomyxa, 

 51 : Saccharomyces, 74 



Fission, process intermediate between 

 simple and multiple, Opalina, 124 



Flagella. See Cilium. 



Flag ellate Infusoria, 107 



Flagell'ula (diminutive oi_ftagellum\ the 

 flagellate germ of one of the lower 

 organisms (often called zoospores, 51, 54 



Flagell'um (Jldgellum, a whip) : defined, 

 25 : transition to pseudopod, 52, 231 



Floral receptacle, the abbreviated axis of 

 an angiospermous flower 378 



Flower, a specially modified cone (q.v.), 



having a shortened axis, which bears 

 perianth-leaves as well as sporophylls, 

 378 : often applied to the cone of Gymno- 

 sperms, 373 



Food-current, Mussel 320, 322 

 Food-vacuole, a temporary space in the 



protoplasm of a cell containing water 



and food-particles, u, 112 

 Foot : of Mussel, 320 : of phyllula of fern 



359 

 FORAMINIF'ERA (foramen, a hole \fero 



to bear), 148 : Figures, 149, 150, 151 

 Fragmentation of the nucleus, 120 

 Free cell formation, 377 



Fruit of Angiosperms, 384 

 Func'tion (functio, a performing), mean- 

 ing of the term, 9 



G 



Gam'ete (yaixe'w, to marry), a conjugating 

 cell, whether of indeterminate or deter- 

 minate sex : Heteromita, 41 : Mucor, 

 165 : Spirogyra, 198 : Vaucheria 173 



Gamob'ium (ya/uo?, marriage : /St'os, life), 

 the sexual generation in organisms ex- 

 hibiting alternation of generations ( q.v.) : 

 progressive subordination of, to agamo- 

 bium in vascular plants, 361, 384 



Ganglion (yayyAtoi/, a tumour), a swelling 

 on a nerve-cord in which nerve-cells are 

 accumulated, 319, 323 



Gastric juice (yacmjp, the stomach), pro- 

 perties Of, 12 



Gast'rula (diminutive of yao-njp, the 

 stomach), the diploblastic stage of the 

 animal embryo in which there is a diges- 

 tive cavity with an external opening : 

 characters and Figure of, 265 : contrasted 

 with phyllula,, 360 



Gemma tion (gemma, a bud). See Bud- 

 ding. 



Genera'tion, asexual, See Agamobium. 

 Sexual. See Gamobium. 



Genera'tions, Alternation of. See Al- 

 ternation of generations. 



Gen'eralized, meaning of term, 140 



Ge'nus (genus, a race), generic name, 

 generic characters, 8, 139 



Germ-filter, 99 



Ger'minal spot, the nucleolus of the 

 ovum, 259 



Germina'tion (gerininatio, a budding), 

 the sprouting of a spore, zygote, or 

 oosperm to form the adult plant : for 

 germination of the various types see 

 under their names. 



Gill, an aquatic respiratory organ. 318, 323, 



324, 329 



Gland (glans, an acorn), an organ of se- 

 cretion (q.v.) : gland-cells, 231, 232, 285, 



Glochid'ium, 323 



Gon'ad (yovos, offspring, seed), the essen- 



