406 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Reservoir of contractile vacuole, Euglena, 



47 



Respiration : Amoeba, 17 : Polygordius, 



284 



Respiratory caeca, Starfish, 312 

 Rhiz'oid (pt'a, root :el6o?, form): Nitella, 



206, 214 : Moss, 335 : prothallus of Fern, 



355 



Root, Fern, 344, 353 



Root-cap, 354 



Root-hairs, 353, 357 



ROSS, Alexander, on abiogenetic origin of 

 mice, insects, &c., 96 



Rotation of protoplasm, 210 



Rudiment, rudimentary (rudimentum, a 

 beginning), the early stage of a part or 

 organ : often used for a structure which 

 has undergone partial atrophy, but in 

 such cases the word vestige (q. v.) is 

 more suitable. 



SACCHAROMY'CES (a-dnxapov, sugar : 

 ju.uKT)s, fungus): Figure, 72 : occurrence, 

 71 : structure, 71 : budding, 73 : in- 

 ternal fission, 74 : nutrition, 75 : alco- 

 holic fermentation caused by, 75, 79, 80 : 

 experiments on nutrition of, 78-80 : ani- 

 mal or plant? 182 



SALVIN'IA : Figure, 369 : general cha- 

 racters, 368 : mega- and micro-sporangia 

 and spores, 368 : male and female pro- 

 thalli and gonads, 369, 370 : development 

 and alternation of generations, 370 



Saprophyt'iC (cra.7rp6?, putrid : <UTOI/, a 

 plant) nutrition, defined, 39 



Schulze's solution, test for cellulose, 28 : 



for Hgnin, 348. 349 



Scleren'Chyma ((T/cArjpo?, hard : eyxv^a, 

 infusion) : Moss, 334 : Fern, 345, 348, 



35i 

 Secre'tion (secretus, separate), nature of, 



231 : formation of cell-wall a process of, 



14 

 Seed, formation of, 377, 384 : germination 



of, 377 



Seg'ment (segmentum t a piece cut off), in 

 plants a node together with the next 

 proximal internode, 208 : in animals the 

 name is variously applied. See Meta- 

 mere, Podomere. 



Segment'al cell: Nitella, 211: Moss, 

 335 : Fern, 350 



Segmentation, metameric. See M eta- 

 mere. 



SELAGINELL'A (o-eAaye'w, to shine): 

 Figure, 372 ; general characters, 371 : 

 cone, sporangia, and spores, 371 : pro- 

 thalli and gonads, 371 : development and 

 alternation of generations, 372, 373 



Self-fertilization, applied to the sexual 



process when the gametes spring from 



the same individual, 199 

 Sep'alS (separ, separate), the outer or 



proximal perianth-leaves in the flower of 



Angiosperms, 378 

 Sep'tum (septum, a barrier) : In plants 



187 : in Polygordius, 280 : development 



o f, 302 



Set'a (seta, a bristle), 290 

 Sex-cells, primitive, 255 : origin of in 



Hydroids, 247 : in Polygordius, 293 

 Sexual differentiation, illustrated by 



Vaucheria, 172 : by Spirogyra, 199 

 Sexual generation. See Gamobium. 

 Sexual reproduction, nature of, 42 

 Shell, Mussel, 320 

 Shoot, in plants, an axis of the second or 



any higher order with its leaves, 209 



Sieve-tubes and plates, 350 



Sinus (sinus, a hollow), a spacious cavity 



3i8 



Skeleton. See Endo- and Exo-skeleton. 

 Slime-fungi, See.Mycetozoa. 

 Solid aggregate, 203 

 Somat'iC (o-to/aa, the body), applied to the 



layer of mesoderm which is in contact 



with the ectoderm and with it forms the 



body-wall, 278 

 Sor'US (crtopos, a heap), an aggregation of 



sporangia, 354, 368 

 Species (species, a kind), meaning of term 



illustrated, 8, 137 ; definition of, 139 : 



origin of, 141, 144 

 Specific characters, specific name, 8, 



139 



Specialized, meaning of, 140 



Sperm (o-n-ep/ia, seed), the male or micro- 

 gamete in its highest stage of differentia- 

 tion : structure and development of, 255 : 

 see also under the various types, and 

 especially Vaucheria, 172, 173 



Spermatozo'id, spermatozo'on (o-Tre'p/^a, 

 seed : u>ov, animal, from the actively 

 moving sperms of animals having been 

 supposed to be parasites), synonyms of 

 sperm. 



Spermary (a-irepfj.a, seed), the male gonad 

 or sperm-producing organ : see under the 

 various types, and especially Vaucheria, 

 172 



Sperm'idUCt (<T7re'p/u.a, seed : duco, to lead), 

 a tube conveying the sperm from the 



' spermary to the exterior, 295 



SpermatOgen'esiS (o-7re'pju.a, seed ; yeVeo-ts, 

 origin), the development of a sperm from 

 a primitive sex-cell, 255, 256 (Figure). 



Spinal cord, Dogfish, 330 



Spiral vessel. See Vessel. 



SPIRILLUM (s/>ira, a coil) 86, 88 (Figure) 



SPIROGYRA (spira, a coil : gyrus. a revo- 

 tion) : Figure, 195 : occurrence and 

 general characters, 194 : microscopic 

 structure, 194 : growth, 197 : conjugation, 

 198 : development, 200 : nutrition, 200 



