104 THE GYPSY MOTH APPENDIX. 



cage, received no food from July 21 to September 1 ; and 

 specimens of C. scrutator have been kept two weeks without 

 food. In all these cases the beetles survived, and seemed to 

 suffer no serious inconvenience. They were, however, a 

 little more sluggish in movement, and remained in the ground 



(_, ^j ' <_. 



more than was the case earlier in the season, when food was 

 plentiful. One of the principal reasons for allowing the 

 beetles to be without food was the scarcity of caterpillars 

 after midsummer. Substitutes for larvre, such as snails, beef, 

 veal, kidney and grasshoppers, were tried, with very poor 

 results. When snails were used as food for the beetle larvas, 

 their legs soon became covered with slime, and death followed. 



CALOSOMA FRIGIDUM Kirby. 



Sept. 24, 1896, two males and three females of this species 

 were placed in a wire cage near the iusectary. The cage 

 consisted simply of a cylinder of wire mosquito netting sunk 

 nearly to the level of the ground, the top being covered with 

 a cloth which was held in place by an elastic band. The 

 records of these three females are given here in full. They 

 were captured June 4, 19 and 26, 1896, and each of the first 

 two were immediately placed in separate jars with a male 

 beetle. The first laid seventeen eggs June 5, but deposited 

 no more during the season, although the male was kept in 

 the jar and placed in the cage outdoors at the same time with 

 the female. The second female laid two eggs July 16 and 

 one more on the 18th, the male dying July 22. The third 

 female had no male companion until August 7, and laid 

 no eggs whatever. 



On examining the outdoor cage, May 10, 1897, a live 

 beetle was found about four inches below the surface. The 

 cage was covered, but before another examination was made 

 the netting became partly detached and three of the beetles 

 undoubtedly escaped, as only two females could be found in 

 the ground May 17. They were quite active, and had par- 

 tially eaten a full-grown white grub (Lachnosterna sp. ?) 

 which was in the cage. No remains of the other beetles 



O 



could be found, although the ground was examined to the 

 depth of nearly a foot. This shows conclusively that the 

 beetles hibernate as adults. 



