698 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



eye; chin with a barbel; teeth in jaws cardiform, subequal; 

 vomer with teeth; none on the palatines; cranium without the 

 expanded crests seen in M e 1 a n o g r a m m u s ; no part of the 

 skeleton expanded and ivorylike; dorsal fins three, well sepa- 

 rated; anal fins two; ventral fins well developed, of about 7 rays. 

 Species of the northern seas; highly valued as food. 



347 Gadus morrhua Linnaeus 

 Cod 



Gadus caUarias LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 252, 1758, young,; MITCHILL, 



Rep. Fish. N. Y. 5, 1814; Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 367, 1815; 



JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 804, 1883; H. M. SMITH, 



Bull. U. S. F. C. 1897. 107, 1898; JORDAN & EVEEMANN, Bull. 47, U. S. 



Nat. Mus. Ill, 2541, 1898; IV, pi. OCOLXI, fig. 891, 1900; SHERWOOD & 



EDWAKDS, Bull. U. S. F. C. 1901, 30, 1901. 

 Gadus arenosns and rupestris MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 368, 



1815. 

 Morrhua amcricana STORER, Rep. Fish. Mass. 120, 1839; DE KAY, N. Y. 



Fauna, Fishes, 274, pi. 44, fig. 140, 1842. 



Morrlnia cimcricanits STORER. Hist. Fish. Mass. 165, pi. XXVII. fig. 4, 1867. 

 Gadus morluia LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. X, I, 252, 1758; MITCHILL, Rep. 



Fish. N. Y. 6, 1814. 

 Gadus morrhua, GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. IV, 328, 1862; GOODE & 



BEAN, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 8, 1879; Oceanic Ichth. 354, 1896; BEAN, 



Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. IX, 372, 1897. 



Body elongate, robust, its greatest depth one fourth of length 

 to end of vertebral column, tapering to caudal, the depth of the 

 peduncle being less than one fourth of greatest depth of body; 

 the length of the head slightly more than depth of body, one 

 fourth of total length; eye one fifth length of head; maxillary 

 longer than snout, reaching vertical through eye, and contained 

 two and one half times in length of head; teeth moderately 

 strong, in bands; the first dorsal originates behind vertical from 

 base of pectorals, its base equal to length of eye and snout; 

 second dorsal base much longer than first, four fifths length of 

 head; third dorsal and second anal fins similar, their bases of 

 equal length; first anal base almos't equal to second dorsal base; 

 caudal ernarginate; pectorals and ventrals comparatively small. 

 D. 14, 21, 19; A. 20, 18. 



Color olive or yellowish brown; numerous dark brown spots 

 on body; fins dark. 



