192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Genus CLUPEA (Artedi) Linnaeus 



True herrings with the body elongate, numerous vertebrae, 

 the ventral serratures weak, arid an ovate patch of small but 

 persistent teeth on the vorner. The few species belong to the 

 northern seas, where the number of individuals is inordinately 

 great, exceeding perhaps those of any other genus of fishes. 

 Not anadromous, spawning in the sea. 



The genus C 1 u p e a, which includes the shad, river alewife 

 -or herring and the Ohio golden shad or skip jack, admits of division 

 into several subgenera, one of which includes the common sea 

 herring and other marine species, another the shad and still 

 another the river alewives. The last have the suborbital bone 

 longer than deep and are supplied with teeth on the tongue and 

 in some species in the jaws. 



110 Clupea harengus Linnaeus 

 Sea, Herring 



Clupea Jiarenfftis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. eel. X, I, 317, 1758; MITCHILL, 

 Amer. Month. Mag. II, 323, Mar. 1818; OUVIER & VALENCIENNES, 

 Hist. Nat. Poiss. XX, 30, pi. 591, 1847; GTTNTHER, Gat. Fish. Brit. Mus. 

 VII, 415, 1868; JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 265, 1683: 

 GOODE, Fish & Fish. Ind. U. S. I, 549, pi. 204, 1884; BEAN, 19th 

 Rep. Comm. Fish. N. Y. separate, 42, pi. XXIV, fig. 32, 1890; JORDAN 

 & EVERJI, \NN, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 421, 1896, pi. L/XX, fig. 185, 

 1900; SMITH, Bull. U. S. F. C. XVII, 91, 1898. 

 'Clupea Jialec MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. I, 451, 1815. 



Clupea pusilla MITCHILL, op. cit. 452, 1815. 



Clupea coerulca MITCHILL, op. cit. 457, 1815. 



Clupea elongata DE KAY, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 250, 1842; STORER, Hist. 

 Fish. Mass. 152, pi. XXVI, fig. 1, 1867. 



Body elongate, slender, fusiform, compressed, its greatest 

 depth one fourth of total length without caudal; caudal pedun- 

 cle slender, its least depth one third of length of head; head 

 moderate, two ninths of total length without caudal; eye large, 

 three and one half to four in head, and with a well developed 

 adipose eyelid; lower jaw strongly projecting; maxilla reaching 

 to below middle of pupil, its length three sevenths of length of 

 head; cheeks longer than high; an ovate patch of small teeth 

 on vomer, palatine teeth minute or wanting, small teeth on the 

 tongue, small teeth in the jaws in young examples, usually dis- 



