The Muscles 123 



first unite in the region of the lower leg as a 

 short, strong tendon. Their origins are as fol- 

 lows: (i) As a band from the anterior margin of 

 the ischium, pushing between the ischio-femoralis 

 and the pubi-ischio-femoralis externus muscles; (2) 

 From the posterior margin of the ischium as a 

 narrow, tendinous band near the insertion of the 

 ischio-caudalis muscle; (3) from the portio-dorsalis 

 posterior of the ilium, ventralward, near the origin 

 of the flexor tibialis externus muscle. 



Ischio-femoralis (Plate III., Fig. i, is. f.) (Adduc- 

 tores, Adductor longus, Adductor primus). Springs 

 directly (without tendon) from the entire anterior 

 border of the ischium. It is band-like and, run- 

 ning over the tendon of the pubo-femoralis internus 

 and externus muscle, is inserted as a broad, fleshy 

 tendon on the middle third of the inner, posterior 

 surface of the femur. 



Pubi-ischio-femoralis Externus (Plate III., Fig. i, 

 p. is. f. int., Plate IV., Fig. i, p. is. f. int.) (as a 

 whole: Quatuor pectinei [partim]; in parts: I. 

 Marsupialis externus, Obturator externus; II. Quad- 

 ratus femoris). This muscle arises in two parts. 

 The anterior part is broad and comes from the 

 entire ventral and inwardly turned outer surface 

 of the pubis. Its insertion is on the femur in 

 conjunction with the first part of the pubi-ischio- 

 femoralis internus. The second part is shorter but 

 thicker than the first and springs from almost all of 

 the outer surface of the ischium that is not cov- 



