54 



to advertise that he "covets" specimens and even to con- 

 sider the loss of life on a Polar Expedition justified in the 

 capture of some rare species. When Mr. Strecker or Mr. 

 Neumoegen talk in print about ,, Science", one hears them 

 with a certain shock, feeling that this is not always the 

 correct term to be applied to a propensity for collecting 

 and naming Butterflies. 



A more intimate relationship between the S^liinc/idae 

 and Bmnlxjcidae is suggested by the American group of the 

 ('n-</ft>(')//i>///ae. Already in 1865 I call attention to this, 

 but I regard it then as a matter of Analogy rather than 

 Affinity. If we regard the larvae of the Ceratocampians, 

 which I have studied and described in part, we see a loss 

 of the spines and diminution in length through the series 

 Citltmniia, Anisota, Dr>/nca))/i>a. These three genera are the 

 nearer related, the other series is Eacles, SpMngicampa. 

 The larva of D. rnlticuuda has lost all but the fore and 

 aft dorsal spines; the SpliiM/idae have become smooth and 

 only have a ridge behind the head or the anal spine repre- 

 sented by a fleshy horn. I do not know the larva of 

 Quculrhia, which I placed temporarily at the head of the 

 Ceratocampinae. It is perhaps the remains of another old 

 type of Bombyces. In America we shall have probably to 

 do with remains of older types than elsewhere on the globe. 

 This I have already pointed out, regarding the Ceratocampinae 

 as remains of an old type and nearer to the Hawk Moths 

 than any subfamily of the Spinners now existing. This sub- 

 family has short antennae and a long and heavy body, a 

 pupation like the Notodmitiuae and S^liinn'idac, very bright 

 colors quite different from the Cowinae, but some Hep/alhiae, 

 which I separate from D 1 '- Packard's Hepinli, are also very 

 gaily marked. These old types are very interesting and we 

 may briefly allude here to the Paleohesperidae, which seem 

 to stand between the Butterflies and Moths. 



The genera of the Ceratocampinae, leaving Qnadriua for 

 the moment out of tho question, should be arranged thus : 

 l rst - Eacles, Adelocephala, SpJiini/icanipa ; 2 lull - v - Citheronia, 

 Anisota, Dryocampa. The male and the caterpillar of 



