23 



have discovered a similar case in the Bombycid Quadrina 

 diazoma. I described this ]\[oth in Papilio 1, 175, comparing 

 it with CitJieronia and Gloreria. I only know the female; 

 when the male and larva are known, my classification of 

 the moth among my Ceratocampinae, will be tested. But 

 the moth has pectinate antennae which seem to ditfer from 

 this group. For this and other reasons, I believe we have 

 to do with an external feeder, representing an ancient complex, 

 having the characters of different groups of the lower Bom- 

 byces and, as I say, "structurally remote from any described 

 United States genus." From such slender material I may 

 be wrong to draw a decided conclusion, but I have long been 

 of the opinion that we should find older existing types in 

 North America than elsewhere and I mentioned this to my 

 kind friend and exellent lepidopterist Mr. Arthur G. Butler, 

 when I last had the pleasure of seeing him and studying 

 the unrivalled collection of Bnuili/cidae in the British Museum. 

 For it is in the Bomlycidac that we must expect just such 

 discoveries in the Moths. We have certainly the oldest 

 type of Butterfly now surviving in our PaleolK'speridae. And 

 this type tends to bridge the gap between the two series, 

 so that we can feel more certain that the primitive type of 

 the Order was a Moth, and that the Butterflies are a later 

 development keeping pace with the flowers and the sunlight. 



Series II. Heterocera. Night Butterflies, Moths. 



I refer to my original paper (1873) on the differences 

 between the Butterflies and Moths. This does not lie so 

 much in the structure of the antennae as in their position. 

 In the Butterflies they are more uniform in length and type, 

 more rigid, directed upward ; in the moths more varied, flex- 

 able, directed backward along the plane of the body, more 

 susceptible to impressions. The eyes, although functionally 

 incomplete and many-facetted, are probably of greater use 

 to the Butterflies than to the Moths ; in the daytime, no 

 less than at night, the Moths depend more on the antennae, 

 as may be seen by the quivering motion of these organs 



