SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRINJE. 547 



Subfamily XTII. CALANDRIN/E. 

 THE BILL-BUGS AND GRAIN WEEVILS. 



A rather small group of usually large robust species, having 

 the antennae elbowed, inserted near the base of beak, their grooves 

 very short, not receiving the scape; funicle 6-jointed, club not 

 annulated, shining (Fig. 16) ; labrum wanting; mouth cavity 

 elongate, peduncle of men turn narrow, elongate, concealing the 

 oral organs ; mandibles compressed, with three apical teeth ; beak 

 variable in length and sculpture; thorax truncate in front and 

 beneath, without ocular lobes; elytra without epipleurae and with 

 a strong fold on inner face ; abdomen with five ventral segments, 

 the first and second longer, third and fourth short, their sutures 

 straight and deeply impressed, fifth equal to third and fourth 

 united, rounded behind, lateral edges of all the segments sharp, 

 fitting into the groove of the under side of elytra; last spiracle 

 covered by the ventral segments; pygidium large, nearly perpen- 

 dicular, exposed in both sexes; last dorsal of male quadrate and 

 more or less retracted or concealed; coxae all more or less sepa- 

 rated, the hind ones transverse, oval; femora usually strongly 

 clavate, not toothed ; tibiae short, not serrate, clawed at the outer 

 angle; tarsi rarely brush-like beneath, third joint rarely bilobed; 

 claws divergent, simple. 



The larvae of the larger species bore into the stems of plants, 

 especially grass and corn, while those of the smaller ones infest 

 seeds and grain. 



The subfamilies Calandrinas and Cossoninae were combined 

 and treated as one family, Calandridae, by LeConte & Horn. By 

 more recent European writers they have been separated and 

 placed as subfamilies of Curculionidae, which course we here 

 follow. The principal literature treating of the North American 

 species is as follows: 



Horn, Geo. H. "Contributions to a Knowledge of the Cur- 

 culionidte of the U. S.," in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873, 

 407447. 



LeConte, J. L. "The Ehynchophora of North America Cal- 

 andridae," in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, 1876, 328341. 



Forbes,, S. A. "The Corn Bill Bugs," in Reps, on Nox, & 

 Benif. Ins., 111., XVI, 1890, 5874, Pis. I III; XXII, 

 1903, 126; XXIII, 1905, 5257, PL IT, figs. 2734. 



