TRIBE IV. SCOLYTIXI. 591 



punctate, showing little difference. Male, head slightly flattened and 

 broader than in female, the flat surface bearing a few long hairs. Fe- 

 male, head slightly more convex in front, narrower and without long 

 hairs. Length 22.5 mm. (Fig. 144.) 



Frequent throughout Indiana beneath bark of various kinds 

 of fruit trees; also on flowers of Jersey tea; May 11 June 23. 

 Ranges from Canada and New Jersey to Indiana, its food plants 

 being /V/nn/.v, Pi/rus and Craftcr/iis. Port Richmond, S. I. (Ins. 

 Life, V, 250.) 



An imported species known as the "fruit-bark beetle" which 

 attacks many orchard trees, boring into the bark to the bast and 

 there making galleries in which the lame develop. They pupate 

 in the galleries about the end of April and bore out in May, in 

 the midday hours. The adult female then constructs a brood 

 chamber, entering a dead or sickly tree through the lenticels or 

 bark pores, gnawing a space the length of her body in about two 

 hours. Mating then takes place, the male waiting for hours at 

 the entrance to the brood chamber. Egg laying commences soon 

 after mating and continues for ten days or more, the gallery being 

 meanwhile continued and the eggs laid in niches along its walls, 

 and covered with frass. Egg laying completed, the female com- 

 monly blocks the entrance to the brood chamber with her body 

 and dies. The larva? hatch in three or four days and, eating be- 

 tween and partly in the bark and bast, form the larval galleries. 

 In this species the mother gallery is vertical, the larval galleries 

 approximately horizontal. In about a month the larva? have com- 

 pleted their work and a second brood appears about the middle 

 of July. The adults at this time may often be seen running 

 rapidly 1131 and down the trunks, and have been noted late in 

 October. Perfectly healthy trees are seldom attacked, but any- 

 thing that serves to weaken the trees gives these insects a foot- 

 hold ; and saving the trunks of dead trees for firewood, or tops 

 and primings for brush greatly increases their numbers by pro- 

 viding ideal breeding places. The remedy is first to promptly 

 burn the primings, dead wood and dying trees to prevent multi- 

 plication. When trees are attacked, prune severely, spray before 

 leaves appear, and apply a heavy coat of whitewash to the trunks 

 and larger branches in early April. (C/osxfird, 1913.) 



