14 



RHYNCHOPHOEA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA. 



is usually pubescent and highly sensitive; the fuuicle, or portion 

 between the scape and the club, is usually composed of seven, 

 rarely fewer, joints. Many differences in the length of the scape, 

 the length of the entire antenna, relative length of the joints, 

 etc., will be found, but the general type here described is charac- 

 teristic of the great bulk of Rhynchophora embraced in the Otio- 

 rhynchinaB and Curculiouinse proper. 



The next and final step in antennal development is manifested 

 in various directions, either as unusual forms of scape, or by 

 reduction in number of funicular joints, by loss of pubescence on 

 parts of the antenna, or by enlargement or unusual forms of the 

 club. Important among these final developments is the enlarge- 

 ment of the first joint of the club by which it becomes the greater 

 part of the club instead of being approximately equal to the other 

 two as we have found it in the groups heretofore considered. By 



this character we believe the Calandridse of 

 LeConte (here, in deference to opinions ex- 

 pressed by other authors, treated as two sub- 

 families rather than a family) can be defi- 

 nitely separated, with the Cossouina?, includ- 

 ing the Auchonini, which have been removed 

 by European authors, and the Acamptini, 

 which have occupied a debatable position. 

 Their antenna? may show a reduced number of 

 funicular joints or not, the club may be free of 

 pubescence at base or not, their characters 

 may shoAv variation in other respects, but al- 

 Fi g . 16. Antenna of wavs we believe the first joint of the club 

 Snted #A fun M icie Sh and ng eit shows the enlargement at the expense of the 

 lar K ed rn a?a ' i j ? int of succeeding joints. Some of the varied forms 



club. (Original.) ^ ' 



are shown in Fig. 13 e. and f. and in Fig. lit. 



In the Scolytidse the developments begun in Calaudrinse are 

 continued and the variations multiplied. In 

 one group the scape becomes sexually 

 clothed with long hair, in another the fu- 

 nicle is reduced to a single joint; the 

 sutures of the club are often obsolete, and 

 its surface becomes in part corneous, while 

 the form of the club often varies, at times 

 assuming grotesque proportions. It is suf- Scoiytid^. (After 

 ficient here to point out something of the extent to which it 

 varies; details will be given in our treatment of the family. 



17. Antennas of 



