CATALOGUE OF TUNICATA. 9 



Family II. ASCIDIIDJE, Herdman, 1880. 



Body attached, usually sessile, rarely pedunculated. Branchial 

 aperture usually 8-lobed, atrial usually 6-lobed. 



Test gelatinous or cartilaginous, rarely chitinaceous or horny. 



Branchial sac without folds. Internal longitudinal bars present and 

 usually papillated. Stigmata straight or curved. 



Tentacles simple, filiform. 



Alimentary canal either at one side of the branchial sac (usually the 

 left) or extending beyond it posteriorly. 



Gonads placed close to the intestine. 



There are four sub-families the Corellinse, the Hypobythiinae, the 

 Ascidiinse, and the Cioninae ; only the two latter are represented in this 

 collection. 



Sub-family CIONIKffi, Eoule, 1884, Herdman, 1891. 



Body more or less cylindrical, attached by posterior end. 



Test thin and gelatinous, may be modified anteriorly to form a lobe 

 covering the apertures. 



Mantle with the musculature mainly longitudinal. 



Branchial sac provided with internal longitudinal bars. Stigmata 

 straight. 



Dorsal lamina represented by languets. 



Alimentary canal on left side of branchial sac, extending posteriorly 

 to it. 



I use this sub- family in a somewhat different sense from that 

 originally proposed by Eoule. Keeping Ciona as the typical form, I 

 remove Rhopalcea to the family Clavelinidae, and I substitute in its place 

 Rhodosoma, which seems to me to have more affinity with dona than 

 with Ascidia. 



Ciona* (Savigny, 1816), Fleming, 1828. 



Ciona intestinalis ('?), Linn., PI. Asc. I., figs. 1 4. 



About two dozen specimens from "off Cockatoo Island, Port Jackson 



(No. 21)," appear to belong to this common European species. They are 



very large and soft, and have an overgrown flaccid appearance. The 



largest is about 10 cm. in antero-posterior extent, even after preservation 



in alcohol. The test is in most cases exceedingly thin, in some quite 



membranous : the mantle is also very thin and transparent, and the 



* For characters of genus see Herdman, "Revision," p. 598. 



