CATALOGUE OP TUNICATA. 15 



which have many small secondary openings from the neural gland, or 

 its duct, into the peribranchial cavity. This condition has been 

 described by Julin and by Herdman in Phallusia mammillata, by Eoule 

 in Ascidia Marioni, and recently by Metcalf* in Ascidia aim, from the 

 West Indies. The present species differs from these others in having 

 the neural gland so near to the dorsal tubercle, in having the secondary 

 openings practically sessile upon the gland (fig. 7), and in having these 

 openings so curved and twisted as to look like the opening in a dorsal 

 tubercle (fig. 8). Metcalf points out the indication of relationship 

 between the four species given by this remarkable anatomical condition, 

 and I am inclined to think that the best way to recognise this fact 

 might be to modify the definition of the genus Phallusia, so that marioni, 

 atra, and phallusioides may be incorporated therein along with Ph. 

 mammillata. 



[The following Ascidiinae have also been found in Australian seas : 

 Abyssascidia wyvillii, Herdm , S. of Australia, 2,600 faths. 

 Ascidia cylindracea, Herdm., Twofold Bay, 120 faths. 

 A. pyriformis, Herdm., Port Jackson, 6 faths. 

 Pachychlcena oblonga, Herdm., Bass Str., 40 faths. 

 P. obesa, Herdm., Bass Str., 40 faths. 

 A. Sydneiensis, Stimp , Port Jackson, low tide. 

 A. succida, Stinrp., Port Jackson, low tide. 

 A. bifissa, Sluit., Amboina. 

 A. emphercs, Sluit., Amboina 

 A. geiumata, Sluit., Amboina. 

 A. kreagra, Sluit., Amboina. 

 ? A. diaphana, Q. & G., Hobart Town.] 



Family III. CYNTHIID^, Lac. Duth., 1877. 



Body usually attached, rarely free, sometimes pedunculated. 



Test membranous, or coriaceous, rarely cartilaginous or covered with 

 sand. Branchial aperture usually 4-lobed, atrial 4-lobed. 



Branchial sac, longitudinally folded ; internal longitudinal bars not 

 papillated. Stigmata straight, never forming spirals. 



Tentacles simple or compound. 



Intestine on left side, only slightly, or not at all, attached to the 

 mantle. 



* See for an interesting discussion of the subject, Zoological Bulletin, vol. I., No. 3, 

 Boston, 1897. 



