16 THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. 



Gonads on the inner surface of the mantle, either on both sides or on 

 one only. 



This very large and important family contains three well-marked 

 sections or sub-families the Bolteniinae, the Cynthiinse, and the 

 Styelinae all of which are well represented in the collection. 



Sub-family BOLTENIINJE, Herdman, 1880. 



Body attached and pedunculated ; peduncle usually very long, 

 branchial and atrial apertures having either 4 or less than 4 lobes. 



Test coriaceous, membranous or cartilaginous, not covered with 

 sand. 



Branchial sac with more than four folds on each side. 



Tentacles compound. 



It is unfortunate that the eminent French Ascidiologists MM. Lacaze- 

 Duthiers and Yves Delage,* in discussing the characters of the 

 CynthiidaB in 1889, should have entirely omitted to consider this 

 important sub-family, so as to give the impression that only the sub- 

 families Cynthiinae and Styelinge exist. I established the sub-family in 

 1880, and again gave an account of it and described a number of new 

 species belonging to it in the " Challenger " Eeport in 1882. The same 

 authors, at p. 524 of their paper, indicate that the Cynthiae caesirae of 

 Savigny are, in their opinion, probably Molgulidae, and they cite Eoule's 

 similar statement (1886) as apparently the only previous investigation of 

 the matter. But I showed in 1882, four years before Eoule, and seven 

 years before Lacaze-Duthiers and Delage, that Savigny's Cynthiae 

 csesirae really belonged to the genus Molijula. 



Boltenia, Savigny, 1816. 



Only the genus Boltenia in this sub-family is represented. There 

 are three species. 



Boltenia pachydermatina, Herdm., PL Cyn. I. 



This is one of the largest known species of Simple Ascidians, and is 

 apparently very common in southern seas, and especially round the 

 coasts of Australia and New Zealand. It is a striking object, may grow 

 to a very large size, and has probably often been brought to Europe by 

 travellers and collectors. Specimens exist in most museums, but the 



: AK.-II. Zool. Expei-. etgt-n^r., 2mc. ser., t. VII. , p. 519. 



