296 



INDEX 



Pristis, antiquity of, 9; description of, 

 91 (Figs. 98 and 98^); affinities 

 of, 96-98 (Fig. 103). 



Pristiurus, larval development of, 215, 

 216 (Fig. 284). 



Protocercy, 35. 



Protopterus, swim-bladder of, 22 (Fig. 

 18); anatomy of, 116 (Fig. 121); 

 paired fin structure, 118 (Fig. 122), 

 119; jaws and skull, 119 (Fig. 

 122 A)\ account of, 126 (Fig. 

 129.4); Coccosteus compared with, 

 131; heart, conus and bulbus arte- 

 riosus, 285 (Fig. 325); comparison 

 tables of heart, etc., 260 ; gills, 

 spiracle, gill rakers, and opercula, 

 tables, 261 ; digestive tract, tables, 

 262 (Fig. 329), 263; swim-bladder, 

 tables, 264, 265 (Fig. 18); circula- 

 tion in, tables, 269; excretory sys- 

 tem and urinogenital ducts, 270; 

 abdominal pores, 271; brain of, 273 

 (Fig. 343) ; central nervous system 

 tables, 275. 



Psammodus, dentition, 86. 



Psephurus, 160-163; P- gladius, 162 

 (Fig. 166.4). 



Pseudopleuronectes, v. Flounder. 



Pteraspis, antiquity .of, 9; described, 

 67 (Figs. 74, 76, 77). 



Pterichthys, antiquity of, 9; described, 

 69 (Figs. 80-82) ; Arthrodira associ- 

 ated with by Traquair, 1 30. 



Putnam, 182. 



Pycnodont, 157, 158. 



Rabbit-fish, v. Lagoccphalus. 



Rabl, C., 146; phylogenetic table of, 

 compared, 283. 



Raja, v. Ray. 



Rat-fish, v. Chimtzra. 



RAY, in classification, 8; antiquity of, 

 9; shagreen of, 24 (Fig. 23); de- 

 scription of, 93-95 (Figs. 100-102) ; 

 barn-door skate (R. Icevis) , 94 (Fig. 

 101); affinities, 95, 96, 98 (Fig. 

 I0 3); eggs and breeding habits, 181 

 (Fig. 189.4), 183, 184. 



Recent sharks, v. Sharks. 



Relationships, v. Affinities, under the 

 family and species. 



Respiration, v. Aquatic breathing. 



Retzius, G., phylogenetic table of, com- 

 pared, 282. 



Rhina, 91 (Fig. 97); affinities to 

 shark, 96, 98 (Fig. 103) ; brain of, 

 tables of, 272 (Fig. 341). 



Rhinobatus, antiquity of, 9; descrip- 

 tion of, 93 (Fig. 100) ; affinities to 

 shark, 98 (Fig. 103). 



Rhyncodus, mandibular of, 106 (Fig. 

 in), in. 



Rtickert, J., 187. 



Ryder, J. A., 31, 37, 115. 



Salensky, W., 214 note. 



Salmonid, antiquity of, 9; eggs and 

 breeding habits, 186; skull and 

 branchial arches, table of, 254 (Fig. 

 3i5)i 257. 



Sandalodus, dental plates of, 24 (Fig. 

 28), 28. 



Scales, 23; of Teleost, 24 (Fig. 31); 

 degeneration of, 26. 



Scaphaspis, 66 (Fig. 77), 67. 



Scaphirhynchus, 160; S. platyrhyncus, 

 162 (Fig. 166). 



Scomberomorus maculatus, 2, 3 (Fig. 

 3) ; front view of, 4 (Fig. 4) ; lines 

 of, 5 (Fig. 6). 



Sculpin, barbels of, 46, 47 (Fig. 57). 



Scy Ilium, shagreen of, 24 (Fig. 22), 

 25, 9; eggs of, 181 (Fig. 189), 

 183, 184 and note; development of 

 egg of, 193 (Figs. 216-230); larvae 

 of, 215, 216 (Figs. 285-287); skull, 

 jaw, and branchial arches of, 254 

 (Fig. 310), 256. 



Sea-bass, v. Serramts. 



Sea-cat, v. Chim&ra and Callorhyn- 

 chus. 



Sea-horse, v. Hippocampus. 



Sea-raven, v. Hemitripterus. 



Sea-robin, v. Prionotus. 



Seal, fish-like form of, 6. 



Selache, gills of, 2O. 



