that do not transform in the ground, light cages of gauze may be used, placing the food, which must be renewed at 

 least once a day, in water. The worms should never be exposed to the sun. Caterpillars of small moths may be 

 kept in wide-mouthed bottles, or even in common tumblers covered with gauze, having sand enough in the bottom to 

 enable them to complete their transformations. For leaf miners, where it is essential to preserve the leaf till the 

 insect has gone through with its transformations, "a glass jar, tumbler, or jam-pot" (as Packard recommends), "the 

 top of which has been ground to receive an air-tight glass cover, the bottom of which has been covered with moist 

 white sand, will keep a leaf fresh for a week. Thus a larva in the summer will have to be fed but two or three times 

 before it changes; and the moth can be seen through the glass without taking off the cover." As the pupae easily dry 

 up, they should b? kept moist. The pupae of fall caterpillars do not change to the perfect insect till the following 

 spring or summer, and during the time should be covered with damp moss and kept in a cool place. 



The observer should note clown the states of the different transformations in a book kept for the purpose, accom- 

 panied with full an;l accurate descriptions, and drawings when practicable. The food plant should be particularly 

 given. When an insect is reared from the egg the state of hatching should be noted, the length of time required 

 for the worm to become full fed, and the period it remains in the pupa state, as well as the state of appearance of 

 the imago. 



The swallow-tails, belonging to the family PapiHoni&e, are among our largest and most common butterflies, and 

 are found during summer quite common in fields and meadows. Papilio asterias is a black butterfly with yellow 

 spots along the margin of the wings ; its larva; are green and black, and feed upon parsnips, celery, etc. The white 

 and sulphur butterflies in the larval state feed upon grasses, and are green, hairy caterpillars. The different species 

 of Argynnis have the under side of the wings sprinkled with spots of silver. Siifyrtis has broad wings of a delicate 

 brown, with eye-like spots near the hinder margin ; it abounds in open woods. The azure butterflies, and the class 



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