1140 OYSTERS, AND ALL ABOUT THEM. 



the development of the oyster, in the first volume of the 

 ' Studies from the Biological Laboratory.' 



" While I was engaged in these experiments, Lieutenant 

 Winslow, U.S.N., was engaged in surveying the oyster beds 

 near the laboratory, which he visited in order to learn my 

 methods. The next year, while stationed at Cadiz, Spain, 

 he repeated the experiments with Portuguese oysters, and 

 found that their breeding habits are exactly like those of 

 the American species ; that the sexes are separate ; that 

 the unfertilized eggs are thrown out into the water., and 

 that the young can be reared from artificially fertilized 



"An account of his experiments was read before the 

 Maryland Academy of Sciences in November, 1880, and it 

 was afterwards published in the American Naturalist. 



" The next step which has resulted in the solution of the 

 practical difficulties, and the rearing of oysters of economic 

 value from artificially impregnated eggs, is due to experi- 

 ments which were carried on by M. Bouchon-Brandely, 

 under the auspices of the French Government. 



" In a paper entitled ' Rapport relatif a la Generation et 

 a la Fecundation artificielle des Huitres, adresse au Minis- 

 tre de la Marine et des Colonies, par M. Bouchon-Brandely, 

 secretaire du College de France,' and published in Decem- 

 ber, 1882, in the Journal Officiel de la Republique Frangaise, 

 this author states that he was encouraged by the experi- 

 ments which Brooks, of the Johns Hopkins University of 

 Baltimore, had made upon Ostrea-virginica^ to attempt 

 similar experiments with the Portuguese oyster, Ostrea 

 angulata. He was ignorant of Winslow's experiments 

 with this oyster, but after two years of experiments he 

 succeeded in independently establishing the fact that the 

 sexes of the Portuguese oyster are separate ; that the eggs 



