414 CYPRINIIXE. 



suddenly from the commencement of the anal fin. The 

 scales large ; the number in the series forming the lateral line 

 about forty, in an oblique line ascending to the dorsal fin 

 seven, and descending to the line of the ventral fin four ; 

 the scales having numerous concentric striee, and but few 

 radiating lines. The dorsal fin is placed very far back ; the 

 first ray arises half-way between the point of the nose and the 

 end of the short central caudal rays ; the base of the whole 

 dorsal fin over the space between the ventral and anal fins ; 

 the base of the dorsal fin equal to the length of the sixth ray. 

 From the point of the nose to the commencement of the 

 pectoral fin, from thence to the origin of the ventral fin, and 

 thence to the anal aperture, are three very nearly equal dis- 

 tances ; the anal fin commences in a vertical line but little 

 behind the origin of the last ray of the dorsal fin, the base of 

 the fin cqiial to the length of the second or longest ray ; the 

 caudal rays rather long, the longest as long again as the cen- 

 tral short rays. The fin-rays in number are 



D. 10 : P. 15 : V. 9 : A. 13 : C. 19. 



The Irish specimens of Rudd from Lough Neagh had one 

 ray more in the dorsal and anal fins. 



The irides are orange red ; the cheeks and gill-covers 

 golden yellow ; upper part of the back brown, tinged with 

 green and blue : the sides more pale ; the belly light golden 

 yellow ; the whole surface of the body tinged with a brilliant 

 reddish golden hue, varying when viewed in different posi- 

 tions in reference to the light, which it is difficult to name 

 correctly ; the fins more or less bright cinnabar red, particu- 

 larly in those specimens which I have seen from the Thames, 

 Cambridgeshire, and Lough Neagh ; dorsal and caudal fins 

 not so bright in colour as the fins of the under surface, but 

 more inclining to reddish brown. 



" Walton says, " There is a kind of bastard small Roach, 



