14 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



(Transitional) Order XI. PROTOPTERI. 



Endoskeleton notochordal, partly cartilaginous, partly osseous ; 

 no occipital condyle ; vomer undivided ; temporal fossa3 roofed 

 over by bone ; pleurapophyses short, with free extremities ; exo- 

 skeleton as subcuticular cycloid scales ; scapular arch attached to 

 occiput ; proximal ends of hyoidean and tympano-mandibular 

 arches distinct. Vertical fin a continuous border to the com- 

 pressed tail. Pectoral and ventral fins subulate, many jointed ; the 

 former fringed beneath ; the latter pelvic in position ; the pelvis 

 unattached to the spine ; gills filamentous, free, in a branchial 

 chamber with a single vertical outlet; branchial arches uncon- 

 nected with the hyoid ; air-bladder double, lung-like, with air-duct, 

 glottis, and pulmonary vein. Prosencephalon predominant in 

 brain; nasal sacs sublabial with two remote extra-buccal aper- 

 tures ; auditory labyrinth in a distinct chamber ; bulbus arteriosus 

 long, with two longitudinal valves ; intestine with a spiral valve, 

 vent anterior to urethra ; ovaria distinct from oviducts. 



Fam. Sirenoidei. Ex. Lepidosiren. 



Subclass IV. Order XII. GANOCEPHALA. (Extinct.) 



Endoskeleton notochordal and osseous ; no occipital condyle ; 

 vomer divided ; temporal fossa3 roofed over by bone ; hyoid arch 

 not connected with tympanic pedicle ; branchial arches (?) un- 

 connected with hyoid ; exoskeleton as subganoid scales ; pleur- 

 apophyses short and free. Teeth with converging inflected 

 folds of cement at their basal half. Pectoral and pelvic limbs 

 short, slender, three or four digitate ; natatory. 



Genus Dendrerpcton. 

 Archeyosaurus. 



Order XIII. LABYRINTHODONTIA. (Extinct) 



Head defended, as in Ganocephala, by a continuous casque of 

 externally sculptured and unusually hard and polished osseous 

 plates, including the supplementary "post-orbital" and "super- 

 temporal ' bones, but leaving a " foramen parietale." Two occi- 

 pital condyles. Vomer divided and dentigerous. Vertebral 

 bodies, as well as arches, ossified, biconcave. Pleurapophyses of 

 the trunk, long and bent. Exoskeletou, in some, as small ganoid 



