EXPLANATIONS. 



WITH an alphabetical arrangement of the names of authors 

 the sequence of their works is chronological so far as it could 

 be ascertained. When more than one in the same year it is 

 alphabetical under the first word in the title, except when 

 they have appeared in the same journal, in which case the 

 sequence is that in which they are printed. 



The pages, etc., in brackets, refer to descriptions and 

 figures of Tunicates or allusions to the Tunicata. A little 

 further information is sometimes given when it can be done 

 without appreciably lengthening the entry. Thus in nearly 

 all the faunistic papers the number of species named or des- 

 cribed is added. 



As the Bibliography is not intended for English readers 

 only, such foreign translations of English works as I have 

 found are cited as well as translations of foreign works into 

 English, or from any language into another. Thus the chief 

 Latin, English, French, and German editions of Aristotle's 

 ' Historia Animalium ' are cited. The titles of all Russian 

 memoirs are translated into English, except when a resume in 

 German follows the memoir, in which case the German title 

 has, in one or two instances, been adopted. 



The principal divisions of a work, mostly called volumes or 

 the equivalent if in a foreign language, are almost invariably 

 numbered in large Roman capitals unaccompanied by vol., 

 tome, or Band, etc. ; separately paged parts similarly in small 

 Roman capitals ; and parts not separately paged in Arabic 

 type, but these as a rule are only given when the separate 

 parts of a volume sometimes appear in different years. A 

 series is indicated in parentheses preceding the volume. 



