238 INVOLUTION OF MAMMALIAN MOLAR TEETH 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



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'87 COPE, E. D., The Origin of the Fittest, 8vo, New Yurk. 



'98 GEGENBAUR, CARL, Vergleichende Anatomie Jer Wirlelthiere, 8vo, Leipzig, 1898. 

 '70 LANKESTER, E. R., " On the Use of the Term ' Homology ' in Modern Zoology 



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Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, Vol. IV., pp. 34-43. 



'89 NEUMAYR, M., Die Stiimme des Thierreiches, 4to, pp. 60-61, Vienna, 1889. 

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Tritubercular Type," Amer. Nat., Vol. XXII. (December, 1888), pp. 1067-1079. 

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'2. LANKESTER'S REPLY TO THE PRECEDING ARTICLE. 



Dr. E. Kay Lankester demurred from Osborn's interpretation of his 

 definition of " homoplasy " as shown in abstract in the following letter : 



" . . . . Homoplasy does not demand an element of homology. I 

 expressly say ' homogenous parts or parts which for other reasons offer 

 a likeness of material to begin with.' That alternative entirely 

 destroys your contention. I recognized (as hitherto combined under 

 one term ' homology ') only homogeny or hereditary quality and 

 homoplasy or moulded non-heredity quality. The ' likeness ' due 

 ' to other reasons ' than homogeny above spoken of cannot be homo- 

 geny. The ' likeness ' which clearly enough is included and pointed 

 to in the whole paragraph as favouring the action of homoplasy is 

 either a likeness of true homogeny (that is of form and relation 

 inherited), or a likeness of similarity in material, in position, or in 

 initial form not due to close homogeny but possibly a likeness of 



