VII. THE MUSCLES OE THE UPPER 

 EXTREMITY. 



IN describing the muscles of Vertebrates, anatomists 

 usually, after completing their descriptions of the muscles 

 of the head, take up next in order the musculature of 

 the neck and trunk. I have found it to be the case 

 with birds, however, that by far the most convenient 

 method of procedure proves to be to take wp first our 

 studies and dissections of the muscles of the upper 

 extremity, and, having completed these, turn our 

 attention next to the muscles of the lower extremity, 

 which are to be similarly dealt with, and thoroughly 

 disposed of, before any of the muscles of the trunk 

 proper have been examined. 



This course gives us the opportunity of clearing away 

 the very large pectoral muscles of the bird, the heavy 

 muscles of the thigh, and, finally, removing the limbs 

 altogether. We then have nothing left but the much 



O 



lio-hter neck and trunk to deal with, which are easier 

 handled, and their muscles worked out with far greater 

 pleasure and satisfaction. 



To expose the muscles of the upper extremity we 

 make a circular incision through the integuments at the 

 root of the neck. This is met by a linear incision made 

 on the anterior aspect of the bod}^ following the keel of 



