18 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



coronoid process. The great bulk of this division of the 

 muscle, however, passes on to be inserted, fleshy, on the 

 outer side of the ramus of the mandible, nearly as far 

 forward as the horny beak, while behind it is bounded 

 by the prominence of the articular extremity (Fig. 7). 

 Quite a dense fascia encases this division of the muscle. 



The smaller part of the masseter arises, rather fleshy, 

 from the side and under border of the hinder fourth 

 of the zygoma. This auxiliary and spindle-shaped slip 

 terminates behind in a small, though strong, tendon, 

 which is inserted into the mandible on its upper border, 

 immediately in front of the articular end (Fig. 5, m'). 

 The contraction of this part would draw the jaw against 

 the quadrate, and, to a limited extent, close it. This last 

 action, however, is powerfully effected by the united 

 contraction of the temporals and masseters. 



Owen says : " In the Cormorant, the osseous style, 

 movably articulated to the superoccipital, affords to the 

 temporal muscles a more extensive origin. This, indeed, 

 is its essential use, for the muscles of the upper part of 

 the neck are inserted into the occipital bone, and glide 

 beneath the posterior or super-added fasciculi of the 

 temporalis." 



16. The biv enter maxilla, on either side, is that 

 muscular mass which covers the mandibular articulation 

 behind. It arises above from two points, viz: the ridge 

 bounding the hinder part of the osseous ear, and secondly 

 the depression to its mesial side. The two heads almost 

 immediately blend as they pass downwards and forwards, 

 as a curved fleshy mass, to become inserted into the 

 posterior aspect of the articular end of the mandible, 

 including the angle (Figs. 4 and 7). To study this 

 muscle properly it should be transversely divided across 

 its belly at about its middle ; the two extremities may 



