12 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



neural spines of the first, second, and third dorsal 

 vertebrae, the fibres pass directly outwards, closely 

 attached to the skin, in rather a broad pale stratum, to 

 be lost over the scapular region on either side of the 

 body. 



10. The dermo-iliacus is a parial muscle, either one 

 of which arises fleshy from the inner angle of the emar- 

 ginated portion of the antero-dorsal border of the ilium. 

 The fibres pass directly forwards, as a narrow ribbon, to 

 spread out as a thin integumental layer, to be lost 

 over the region of the shoulder-blade. These last two 

 muscles acting from their points of origin would so pull 

 the skin as to cause the feathers attached to it to lie 

 flat, or closer to the body, over the parts where they are 

 severally distributed. In this way they antagonize some 

 of the muscles described above, as, for example, the 

 dermo-dorsalis. 



11. The dermo-ulnaris l is exposed by still further 

 reflecting the skin. It is a very prominent muscle, and 



1 This muscle is the PARS METAPATAGIALIS of the M. SERRATUS 

 SUPERFICIALIS s. THORACi-sCAPULARis of Fiirbringer, and also of 

 Gadow (Bronn's Klassen, vi. Band, p. 221), and represents the 

 tensor membrance posterioris alee of Wiedemann and Tiedemann, 

 of Riidinger, of Selenka, and of Carlsson, while Schopss described 

 it in part as the m. plicae alaris posterioris. Of it Gadow has said : 

 "III. Pars metapatagialis. Dieser Theil ist nach Fiirbringer als 

 aberrirende zur Haut gehende Lage des Serrat. post, aufzufassen. 

 Er entspringt mit zwei oder drei, selten mit nur einer Zacke 

 zusammen mit den Biindeln der Pars post, serrati von den Rippen, 

 heftet sich an die Hautduplicatur zwischen Oberarm und Rumpf 

 und verliert sich an den oberen Schwungfedern zweiter Ordnung. 

 Der Muskel is demnach ein Theil des weiter unten als M. meta- 

 palagialis zusammengefassten Flughautspanners. Er findet sich 

 bei Gallus, Anser, Cygnus, Fulica, Otis, Psittacus, Raptores, Cor- 

 vidse, u.s.w., fehlt aber den Spheniscidse, Tubinares, Ratitse " (Bronn's 

 Klassen, vi. Baud, p. 224). 



