THE MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 211 



for the Raven. We find in the Apteryx that the 

 " peroneus longus arises tendinous from the head of 

 the tibia, and by carneous fibres from the upper half 

 of the anterior margin of the tibia ; these fibres pass 

 obliquely to a marginal tendon, which becomes stronger 

 and of a rounded form, where it leaves the muscle. 

 The tendon gives off a broad, thin, aponeurotic sheath, 

 to be inserted into the capsule of the tarsal joint ; it 

 is then continued through a synovia! pulley on the 

 side of the outer malleolus, and is finally inserted or 

 continued into the perforated tendon of the middle 

 toe " (Anat. of Verts., vol. ii. pp. 107, 108). 



In reflecting the peroneus longus in the Raven, and 

 viewing its under side, we observe that where it takes 



o 



origin from the free points of the pro- and ectocnemial 

 processes it is very tendinous, and these tendons can 

 be distinctly traced down on this surface of the muscle 



i/ 



for some little distance, forming lateral boundaries to 

 the more carneous central portion. 



112. The tibialis anticus 1 is a very interesting muscle 



1 This muscle has been very generally considered to be the 

 tibialis anticus by morphologists, as will at once be appreciated by 

 the synonymy given us by Gadow, viz : 



" 45. M. TIBIALIS ANTICUS. 



M. secundus anterior pedem movens. Aldrovandi. 

 M. undecimus circa tibiam et fibulam. Steno. 

 Le tibial anterieur. Vicq d'Azyr, 1774, p. 510, No. 2. 

 Anzieher des Fusses. Merrem, p. 164, No. 4. 

 Tibialis anticus. Wiedemann, p. 99. 

 ,, ,, ' Tiedemanu, 306. 



Owen. 



,, ,, Neander, p. 22. 



,, Quennerstedt, p. 38. 



De Man, p. 135, No. 26. 

 ,, ,, Gadow, No. 31. 



,, ,, Watson, p. 48. 



Le tibial oujambier anterieur. Cuvier, p. 539 ; Alix, p. 448. 



P 2 



