308 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



in birds, which now in their present forms does 

 not extend beyond the postacetabular area of the 



of others, such as would designate, not only their actions or 

 functions, but point out likewise their orderly arrangement as it 

 exists in the class for this part of the muscular system. 



Gadow has given us quite a full synonymy of some of these 

 muscles, and by its aid no difficulty will be experienced in deter- 

 mining the corresponding muscles of the present work as I have 

 designated them. I give this synonymy below, with a few brief 

 remarks of its author under each heading (Bronn's Klassen des 

 Thier-Reichs, vi. Band, pp. 131-135): 



" d. Schwanzmuskeln. 



" 24. M. LEVATOR COCCYGIS. 



Par primum musculorum uropygii. Steno. 

 Les deux releveurs du coccyx. Vicq d'Azyr, p. 274, No. 1. 

 Interepineux sacro-sus-caudien. Cuvier, p. 287, No. 1. 

 Grosser Schwanzheber. Merrem, p. 161, No. 62, No. 1 u. 2. 

 Levator coccygis. Wiedemann, p. 82. 

 ,, ,, Tiedemann, 223. 



Selenka, p. 100, No. 21. 

 ,, ,, Gadow, No. 6. 



,, Watson, p. 65. 



Levator caudce s. spinalis caudce. Gurlt, p. 19. 

 Schwanzheber und Zwischendornmuskeln. Meckel, System, p. 299 ; 



Archiv, p. 247, No. 17. 

 Levator caudce. Owen, Apteryx, p. 286. 



Sacro-coccygien superieur ; transversaire epineux. Gervais et Alix, 

 p. 15. 



" Bildet die dorsale Muskulatur des Schwanzes. Erentspringt bei 

 den Ratiten von der Spina iliaca, dabei manchmal weiter auf das 

 Os ilei und das Os ischii iibergreif-end ; ferner von den Dornfortsatzen 

 der ersten 3-4 Schwanzwirbel." 



" Insertion an den Seitenfliichen der Dorn- und an den Dorsal- 

 niichen der Querfortsatze der folgenden Schwanzwirbel. . . . 



" 25. M. DEPRESSOR COCCYGIS. 



Abaisseurs du coccyx. Vicq d'Azyr, p. 274. 



Niederzieher des Schwanzes. Merrem, p. 162. 



Innerer Niederzieher des Steissbeines. Wiedemann, p. 82. 



