THE MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE. 33 



tendinous, and are finally inserted as a distinct tendon 

 at the muscle's termination on the shaft of the element 

 just alluded to, and in line with the last-named fibres. 



According to Professor Owen, Dr. Salter proposed the 

 name of this muscle which I have here adopted for it. 

 The former anatomist describes it as " a short muscle, 

 which arises from the junction of the basihyal with the 

 urohyal, and is inserted into the thyrohyal ' (loc. cit., 

 p. 154). 



Professor Owen figures it in a Fieldfare, but makes an 

 incorrect reference to his figure, and the muscle is shown, 

 apparently, as being pulled out of its normal position, 

 in order to show the stylo-hyoideus. 



When these muscles contract, they will elevate the 

 long cornua of the hyoid arches, and press them up 

 against the skull. 



In addition to the muscles already described as be- 

 longing to the tongue, there is still another pair, found 

 by Owen in a Woodpecker (shown in Fig. 12 at h), 

 which he has named the cerato-tracheales, and says : 

 " They arise from the trachea about eight lines from 

 the upper larynx, twist four times spirally round the 

 trachea, and then pass forward to be inserted into the 

 base of the thyro-hyals. This is the principal retractor 

 of the singular tongue in this species ' (Anat. Verts., 

 vol. ii., p. 154). 



Unfortunately, Professor Owen does not mention in his 

 work the species of Woodpecker in which he found this 

 interesting pair of muscles. He speaks of it, however, 

 in such a way as to lead one to suppose that it occurs 

 throughout the family. Dissections made upon our 

 American forms, with a view of looking further into this 

 matter, would be well worth the time and labour of the 

 comparative anatomist. 



D 



