34 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



Referring again to Professor Gadow's estimable work 

 in Bronn's Klassen des Thier-Reichs (vi. Band, pp. 

 307-317), we find that he has described and proposed 

 the following nomenclature for the muscles of the lingual 



~ o 



apparatus in birds. In presenting this I refer to the 

 plates of this writer, although his figures are not here 

 reproduced. It will be observed that he has bestowed 

 very different names upon the muscles as compared with 

 Owen's nomenclature, the authority at my hand when 

 the present volume was written. 



" II. Muskeln des Zvmgengeriistes. (Taf. xxxii., xxxiii., und 



Holzschnitte.) 



" 104. SYSTEM DES M. STERNO-HYOIDEUS. 



Thyreo-hyoideus. Vicq d'Azyr ; Gervais et Alix, p. 18. 



M. laryngo-hyo'idei. Tiedemann, 90, No. 5. 



Hyo-thyreoideus. Kutorga, p. 20. Gurlt, p. 15. 



Thyreo-hyoideus. Nitzsch, p. 136, No. 5. 



Thyreo-glossus. Nitzsch. 



Thyro-hyoid. Watson, p. 136. 



M. ypsilo-trachealis s. dejrressor arterice asperce superficialis, major. 



Meckel, 6 Theil, p. 284. 

 Sterno-hyoideus. Nitzsch ; Gurlt, p. 15. 

 Tracheo-sternalis. Gadow, Tenuirostres, p. 68. 

 Omo thyreoidei. Huber. 

 Les cerato trachees. Cuvier. 

 Cerato-trachei. Tiedemann, p. 122. 

 Tracheo-glossi. Huber. 

 Cerato-trachealis. Owen. 

 Traclieo-liyo'idien. Duvernoy. 

 Tracheo-hyoideus. Gadow, p. 62. 



" Bin echter, an das bei den Eeptilien allgemeine urgpriingliche 

 Verhalten anschliessender M. sterno-hyoideus ist noch bei Apteryx 

 vorhanden. Der breite Muskel entspringt vom vorderen Rande der 

 Unterfltiche des Thyreoid-Knorpels des oberen Kehlkopfes und vom 

 ganzen Innenrande der Zungenbeinhorner. Seine Fasern sind 

 abwiirts gerichtet, verbinden sich theilwoise mit denen der anderen 



