264 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



majority of the class, is a very distinct and well- 

 developed muscle. 



It is clearly illustrated in my Fig. 70, and its mode 

 of origin and insertion in Figs. 4 and 69. 



On either side of the neck, it arises by three tendinous 

 slips, one each coming off from the fourth, fifth, and sixth 

 cervical vertebrae, respectively. These several origins 

 occur upon the transverse processes of these vertebras, 

 upon the supero-external aspects of the outer walls of 

 the lateral canals (Fig. 68). The slips pass between the 

 muscles of the region there found ; and, becoming 

 carneous, unite externally to form a broad sheet of 

 muscular tissue, which, being superficial and overlying 

 the muscles of the occipital region for the most part, 

 passes round to meet in the median line the fellow of 

 the opposite side, in a tough fascia, forming a raphe 

 nearly two centimetres long. The two muscles thus 

 blended are now inserted into the occiput, some two 

 millimetres above the occipital ridge, as a thin tendinous 



Ursprung liegt demnach zwischen dem M. longus later alls und dem 

 M. semispinalis cervicis. Der Muskel wird ziernlick breit und stark, 

 wird nur vom M. cutaneus colli bedeckt, wahrend er selbst den M. 

 rectus capitis posticus nebst der Insertion des M. biventer iiberdeckt. 

 Er inserirt sich an der queren Crista des oberen Randes der Occi- 

 pitalia, in der Mittellinie mit dem der anderen Seite zusammen- 

 stcssend. 



" Bei den meihten Spheniscidoe entspringt er von den Processes 

 obliqui posteriores des 5-3. Wirbels, bisweilen jedoch ist er auf zwei 

 Wirbel beschrankt. Bei den meisten Vogeln kommt er vom 3 und 

 4 Halswirbel." 



Note. -Gadow gives five coloured figures in his plates showing the 

 muscles in the neck of various birds, and in these the complexus in 

 the neck of Golymbus septentrionalis appears to be exactly as I 

 describe it for the Raven ; while in the figure of the same bird on 

 another plate it appears to have a somewhat different origin (com- 

 pare Taf. 18, figs. 1 and 2 ; 186, fig. 1). 



