296 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. 



140. The intercostales l are very prettily developed 

 in a Eaven. The first or anterior one of the series 

 is the thickest and most evident. It arises from the 

 anterior free margin of the first dorsal rib, commencing 

 as low down as its articulation with the costal rib, and 

 is carried as high up as that point where the dorsal 

 rib gains its greatest width. The fibres pass obliquely 

 upwards and forwards, and are inserted into the pos- 

 terior margin of the last free rib, which is, of course, the 



1 On pages 121, 122, and 123 of Bronn's Thier-Reichs (vi. Band), 

 Gadow devotes a very full account to two sets of " intercostal 

 muscles" in birds, his MM. INTERCOSTALES EXTERNI (18) and his 

 MM. INTERCOSTALES INTERN i (186), while in the same category he 

 places his MM. INTERAPPENDICULARES (18c). The synonymy of these 

 " rib-muscles " he presents as follows : - 



" b. Rippenmuskeln. 



" 18. SYSTEM DER MM. INTERCOSTALES. 



" Mm. intercostales. 



Muscles intercostaux internes et externes. Vicq d'Azyr, pp. 292-293 



Cuvier, p. 324; Gervais et Alix, p. 13. 

 Mm. intercostales externi et interni, o. innere und aussere Zwischen- 



rippenmuskeln. Tiedemann, 239; Meckel, System, pp. 301 



und 302, No. 1-5 ; Archiv, p. 248, No. 1-2; d'Alton, p. 13 ; 



Owen. 

 Mm. intercostales externi et interni, o. innere uncl aussere Zwischen- 



rippenmuskeln. Magnus, p. 225 ; Selenka, p. 104, No. 2 ; 



Gadow, No. 5 ; Watson, pp. 69 und 70. 

 Musculi inter appendiculares costarum. Tiedemann. 

 Accessory external intercostal muscles. Watson, p. 70." 



Under his (II.) system of the YENTRI-LATERALE MUSKELN (a. 

 Halsregion), Prof. Gadow also describes his MM. INTERTUBERCULARES 

 (No. 17, p. 121): "Ein system von kurzen Muskeln als tiefste 

 Schicht der ventralen Halsmuskulatur. Sie beginnen als selbstandige 

 Muskeln von den hinteren Halswirbeln an, wahrend sie wt-iter 

 riickwarts innig rait den Mm. intertransversarii anteriores ver- 

 wachsen." And for a full account see the work referred to. 



