THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 101 



case in the Raven and many other birds. Any way we 

 may regard it, however, the fact still remains that in 

 many vertebrates, we have a muscle that passes from 

 the middle outer surfaces of some of the leading ribs, 

 to become attached to some part of the shoulder-girdle, or 

 scapular apparatus, and that this muscle is an important 

 one in inspiration. We may call it the pectoralis 

 minor, or the thoraco-scapularis, as I have in the present 

 instance, as we may please. 



65. The subscapularis l is one of the largest and most 

 powerful of the muscles in the Corvidce, and is well 



1 See No. 62 of the present memoir in this connection (the teres 

 minor), and the muscle here described appears to be the I. (subscap. 

 externus) of Fiirbringer and Gadow, or in other words, as near as 

 I can make it out, my teres minor + (my) subscapularis = the 

 subscapularis (with internal and external part) of Fiirbringer. 

 Gadow (Bronn's Klassen, vi. Band, pp. 240, 241) presents us with 

 the following valuable study of the subject : 



" 72b. M. SUBSCAPULARIS. 



Sousclavier externe. Vicq d'Azyr, 1772, p. 628. 

 Yorderer aiiziehender Armmuskel. Merrem. 

 Sous-scapulaire. Cuvier ; Gervais et Alix, p. 22. 

 Unter-Schulterblattmuskel (subscapularis). Wiedemann, p. 89 ; 



Schopss, p. 128, No. 22 ; Meckel, System, p. 321. 

 ? Deltoideus externus. Schopss. 

 Subscapularis. Reid, p. 142. 



,, Riidinger, p. 87. 



,, Macalister (superior posterior}, p. 16. 



,, Haughton, pp. 497, 504. 



Gurlt, p. 22. 

 Selenka, p. 113, No. 39. 

 ,, Watson, p. 85; Carlsson, p. 18. 



Coraco-brachialis brevis (I. Portion). De Man, p. 106. 

 Sub-coraco-scapularis (Pars scapularis interna + externa) = Xub- 

 scapularis internus et externus. Fiirbringer. 



" Der Subscapularis ist in seinem Ursprungstheil vom unteren 

 Eande des Scapulo-humeralis posterior durch die Insertion der Pars 



