THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CODE. 17 



has not labeled, nor has he nor any one else designated one as type, 

 nor restricted the type material, and it results that one of the in- 

 cluded species is a synonym of an older valid species or has been 

 afterwards (knowingly or unknowingly) described as a new species, 

 then the type is restricted to the remaining material. 



Example. — Alpha alba Latr. 1831, described without type fixation 

 from two specimens, a and b, which prove to represent two species, a 

 proving to be the Alpha brunnea of Linn. 1768. Thus the type of 

 Alpha alba Latr. is the specimen b by restriction according to the 

 above rule. The same would have resulted had the species a been 

 described as new prior to the type designation of alba. 



i. The first intentional definite type designation in accord with 

 the above rules is final. The mere reference to a specimen as type 

 is not to be considered as type fixation. 



74. Where the type of a species is lost, or destroyed, the firsi in- 

 terpretation shall obtain unless later acquired information clearly 

 proves it should be otherwise, when a change is allowable. 



75. In cases where specimens have been labeled as types by others 

 than the author of the species such type labels shall be interpreted 

 independently by each investigator since there is much variation in 

 the credibility of such labels. 



76. A species based wholly on a figure has the original of that 

 figure as the type. 



77. The type of a specific name proposed to replace a preoccupied 

 specific name is the same as the type of the name replaced, irre- 

 spective of any attached description. 



78. The type of a new name proposed to replace a misidentifica- 

 tion is among the material in the collection of the author of- the new 

 name, if there is inherent evidence that he had material, and he 

 gives a description or figure; otherwise, if based on the misidentifica- 

 tion of a specified author the type is among the material utilized by 

 such specified author if there is inherent evidence that he had ma- 

 terial. If the name is given for the misidentification of several or 

 no specified authors, then the type may be selected by any subse- 

 quent worker from among the material of the authors concerned. 

 If it results that there is no described material hack <>l' a name based 

 on a misidentification or mi •interpretation then such name is 

 invalid. 



