182 



AVES. 



The fourth was discovered in Germany, [in some parts of which it is common It is smaller than the others, with 

 plumage resembling that of a Robin ; constitutes the division Erythrosterna of Bonaparte]. 



The beak of the Flycatchers becomes more and more slender, till it finally approaches that of some 

 Kinglets. 



Some species, wherein the ridge of the upper mandibls is more raised, and arched towards the tip, 

 lead to the Chats and Wheatears. Certain of these appear to compose the Drimophilus of Temminck. 



There are also several genera or subgenera closely allied to different links of the great series of 

 Flycatchers, although they much surpass them in size. Such are 



The Bald Tyrants (Gymnocephalus, Geof.), — 



Which have nearly the same beak as the Tyrants, only that its ridge is rather more arcuated, 

 and a great part of the face is destitute of feathers. 

 We know but of one species, from Cayenne, as large as a Crow, and the colour of Spanish snuff. 



The Dragoon-birds (Cephalopterus, Geof.) — 



Have, on the contrary, the base of the bill adorned with feathers, which, radiating at top, form a large 

 crest resembling a parasol. 



Only one species is known, from the banks of the Amazon ; of the size of a Jay, and black: the feathers on the 

 lower part of its breast form a sort of pendent dewlap — (C. ornata, Geoff. ; Coracina cephaloptera, Vieillot ; 

 Cor. ornata, Spix.) 



The Cotingas (Ampelis, Lin.) — 



Have the beak compressed, as in the generality of Flycatchers, but proportionally rather shorter, tole- 

 rably wide at base, and slightly arcuated. 



Those in which it is strongest and most pointed, retain a very insectivorous regimen. They are 



named 



Piauhaus (Querula, Vieillot) — 



From their cry, and inhabit America, where they live in flocks in the woods, and pursue insects. 



Such are the Common Piauhau (Muscic. rubricollis, Gm.), black with a purple throat ; and the Great Piauhau, 

 entirely purple, (Cotinga rouge, Vaillant ; Coracias militaris, Shaw). The Grey Cotinga (Amp cinerea) resembles 

 the Piauhaus rather than the genuine Cotingas. The Golden-throated Piauhau (Coracias scutata, Lath., or Co- 

 racina scutata, Tern.), has a smaller beak, and approximates the Bald Tyrant. 



The Restricted Cotingas (Ampelis, Vieillot), — 



In which the beak is rather weaker, feed on berries and soft fruits, in addition to insects. They inhabit 

 humid places in South America ; and the greater number are remarkable, at the breeding season, for 

 the splendour of the azure and purple which adorn the males. During the rest of the year both sexes 

 are grey or brown. 



The Scarlet Cotinga (A. carnifex, Lin.)— Crown, rump, and belly scarlet ; the rest brownish-red : fourth quill of 

 the wing narrowed, shortened, and tough or horn-like. The Pompadour Cotinga (A. pompadora, Lin.). — Of a 

 lovely reddish purple, with white quill-feathers. The Blue Cotinga (A. cotinga, Lin.). — Splendid ultramarine, with 

 a violet breast, frequently traversed by a large blue band, and spotted with dark yellow. There are others equally 

 handsome. 



The Tersines (Tersina, Vieillot) — 



Are Cotingas with the beak wider at its base. As 

 The Tersine of Buffbn (Amp. tersa, Gm. ; Procnias tersina, Tern., or Pr. hirundinacea, Swainson). 



The Caterpillar-hunters (Ceblepyris, Cuv. ; Campephaya, Vieillot), — 



With the beak of the Cotingas, have a singular character, which consists in the somewhat prolonged, 

 stiff, and spiny shafts of their rump-feathers. They inhabit Africa and India, and feed upon Caterpil- 

 lars, which they find on the highest trees ; but they have none of the brilliancy of the Cotingas. Their 

 tail, somewhat forked in the middle, is rounded at the sides. 



Such are the Grey and Black Caterpillar-hunters of Vaillant (the former of which is the Mascic. carta, Gm.). The 

 Yellow C. of the same naturalist is the young of Turdits phenicopterus,'Stm. Add C.fimbriatus, Tern. Col. 249,250. 



We may also distinguish 



The Waxwings (Bomlycilla, Brisson), — 



The head of which is adorned with [erectible] feathers, longer than the rest, and they have besides 



