HYMENOPTERA. 



others, but which are membranous. This family is composed of two tribes, [the TeK t h r eHnttet and 

 Urocerata], 



Tin; Ti Nrniu.niM.T.E — , 

 Or Saw-flies [as they are commonly called, from their saw-like ovipositor], have the mandibles long and 

 compressed, the lower lip divided into three lobes, the ovipositor composed of two plate*, toothed like 

 a saw, united, and lodged in a channel beneath the anus ; the maxillary palp] are always composed of 

 six joints, and the labial of four ; the wings are always divided into numerous cells. This tribe is 

 composed of the genus 



Tenthredo, Linn. 



The abdomen is cylindric, rounded behind, 9-jointed ; the form of the antenna: varies ; the mandibles 

 are strong and toothed ; the maxillary palpi arc filiform and G-jointed ; the lower lip is divided at the apex 

 into three lobes; the labial palpi arc only -1-jointcd. It is with the alternate motion of the saws of the 

 ovipositor that these insects make a succession of small holes in the branches or other parts of trees, 

 in each of which an egg and a drop of frothy liquid arc discharged, the latter of which has the effect of 

 closing the hole. The wound thus made becomes more and more convex by the increase in size of the 

 egg, and sometimes these parts assume the form of a gall, either woody or pulpy, according to the parts 

 injured; these tumours form the abode of the larvae which reside within them, and the insect makes 

 with its teeth a circular hole for its escape. But in general these larva; are external feeders, devouring 

 the leaves. They greatly resemble the Cateqiillars of Lepidopterous insects, but have from eighteen 

 to twenty-tWO feet, or only six, which distinguishes them from caterpillars, which have from ten to 

 MXteen feet. Many of these false caterpillars roll themselves into a spire, and others have the 

 extremity of the body elevated in the air. In orderto undergo their change, they spin, either on the 

 earth or on the plants upon which they have fed, a cocoon, in which they remain unchanged for many 

 months, changing to pupa: only a few days before they become perfect Saw flies. 



-nine, in many of which the antennae are not more than nine-jointed, with two spurs at the tip of the fore tibiae, 

 have the ovipositor not exserted, the labrum apparent, the inside of the four bind tibia without spines in the 

 middle, or With only one; the larva? have from twelve to -i\tern false legrs. 



er, Oliv. (Orabro, < teoffri), comprises those species which have the antenna; 

 alike in botli sexes, and terminated by a knob or a reversed cone rounded at the 

 tip, preceded by four or five joints, and the two subcostal nerves are contiguous 

 without 8 wide intermediate space. The larva have 29 feet ; SOme (Then disturbed 

 discharge from pores of the body, often to the distance of a foot, drops of B 

 greenish liquid. J)r. Leach has divided this semis into numerouc Others [ado] '• 1 

 by English authors], founded upon the number of joints m the antes ling 



the club, their relative si/.cs, and the arrangement of the cells of the wines. 



Fiir. 116.— Cimbci fanciata, (Zones „ , , „ ' „ . 



fuciaia, Leach). Vcrgii, Leach, (one of these genera), peculiar to New Holland, differs from the 



rest by having t lie four posterior tibia furnished with a moveable spine in the middle, the posterior angles of the 

 scut ell urn produced into short obtuse teeth, the antenna rerj short and B-jointed. 



.•//.-//'/"'"", King, has also 6-jointed anti ana, and the radial cell is appendiculated. The ipei lea are Brazilian, 

 as well as those of Paehyloitieta, King, which have antenna: OQCnpOted of live joints, mill the lore-win.:-, dilated 

 m ar the apex. 



Saint Fargeau, in his work on the TrntliniiiniiUe, adopts only the semis Perga, and we also consider the gl iera 



of Leach as simple divisions in the genus Cimbex, the type of winch [• the Tentkredo fenorata, [a large and rare 



British species]. 

 tfylotoma, I.atr. (Cryptut, Jur.t, has the antenna; apparently only S-jointed, the third forming a long prismatic 



or cylindric mass ; the greater number have a Spine "n the Inside Of the four hind tar-i, in the middle. The I 



have from eighteen to twenty feet. Type, Tentkredo Ruts, Linn., [a common British species]. 



Bckizocenu, i.atr. {Crypt**, Leach), has four shbmarglnal cells, and the male antenna' forked. 



Ptiiin, St. Farg., differs from Hy to torn a in having only three submi Us. Sometimes the antenna have 1 



nt hast nine |ointS, and do not terminate iii a mass. 



Tentkredo proper, b ive nine simple joints in both si ices ; the larva have from 18 to 99 1 Dumber of teeth 



in the ma in i idles raries in the perfect insect from two to four; the wings also vary In the number of the cells, and 

 hence various subgenera have been established, such as dSani u, Nemaha, Jur., and PrUttpiara mi 



some others of Leach, such as Setandria, Feituia, DotytAtu*, Btnphutui and Cranu). Tyj pkularhe, 



Linn., a common specie-, much resembling n \\ asp, the larva of winch feeds on the Water Betony. I' i 



described ;i singular species, which in the lar\a State Infest! the hue- of OUT fruit tree* under the form of a »m.vll 

 libo-k Sing, ami to which he refers the Tentkredo (\iii.\i, I.inn. ; this 1 11 1 i Is M.ick, nnd covered with S -limy 



sco-euon. Peck, an American naturalist, has given the complete history of another species, which lias a 

 similar lar> a. 



