DIPTEUA. 621 



Ceroplatm, Dose, has the palpi apparently composed of a single joint, and the antenna? fusiform and compressed. 



Our last general division of the Tipulaires, is the T.Jforales, consisting of species having the an- 

 tennae scarcely longer than the head in hoth sexes, thick, and 8- or 10-jointed, forming a perfol 

 mass; nearly cylindric in the majority, but fusiform in others, or terminated by a large joint ; the body 

 is short and thick ; the head is generally almost entirely occupied by the eyes in the males. From the 

 nervurcs of the wings and palpi, these Diptera approach the Tijiulaires fvmgwore*. 



Cordyla, Meig., differs from all the rest in baring I3-J0inted antenna; ; the eyes are round, entire, and apart, 

 the ocelli wanting ; the legs are long-, and spiny at the tips of the t>bia\ The others have U-jointed antenna;, and 

 the eyes of the males very large. 



Simiilium, Latr. (Culex, Linn.), has no ocelli, and the eyes of the females are internally notched, ami crescent- 

 shaped. The species are very small, frequenting damp places, and are very troublesome, from their luting, or 

 rather pricking the flesh ; they also sometimes penetrate into the generative parts of cattle, and kill them. Like 

 some of the Culicide, they are also called Musquitoes. 



In the others, there are three ocelli. 



Scatopte, Geoff., approaches the last in having the eyes emarginate, but differs from all in having the palpi very 

 small, and apparently composed of but a single joint. T. latrinanm, De Geer, a small fly, commonly found in 

 privies. 



Penthetria, Meig., has the eyes entire, and separate in the two sexes ; the legs are long, and not spinose. 



Vilophus, Meig. {Hirtcea, Fabr.), has the eyes contiguous in the males, often occupying almost the whole of the 

 head ; the tips of the tibiae have a coronet of spines. 



Jlihio, Geoff, (llirtcea, Fabr.), has 9-jointed antennae, forming a perfoliated mass. The species are very doggish, 

 flying but little. Some of them are very common in gardens ; the two sexes often differ greatly in appearance and 

 colours. Tip. hortukmo, Linn. Their larvae live in dung, earth, and manure, and have small rows of spurs on the 

 segments of the body. The pupae are not inclosed in cocoons. 



Aspistes, Hoffm., has only 8-jointed antennae ; the last joint forming an ovoid mass. 



All the following Diptera (a very small number excepted), have the antennae composed [at first sight") 

 of only three joints, the first of which is sometimes so short, that it is scarcely to he reckoned as such ; 

 the last is in many transversely annulated, but without distinct separations. It is often accompanied 

 by a seta, generally lateral, or placed at the top of the joint in others ; having at its base one or two 

 joints, and sometimes simple, sometimes hairy. If this seta is terminal, it happens in many that its 

 length diminishes and its thickness increases, forming a kind of style. Although this style is, 

 in effect, a continuation of the antennae, it would create confusion in the nomenclature by adding the 

 number of its joints to that of the ordinary joints of the antennae. The palpi have never more than two 

 joints. Some of these (a small number excepted) caat their larva-skin on becoming pupa-, and ha\e 

 the sucker composed of six or four pieces; the proboscis, or at least its lips, is always ezserted ; the 

 palpi, w hen present, arc external, and inserted near the margins of the oral cavities, and the sucker Bl 

 near this cavity. The larva, in those which retain the larva skin, serves as a cocoon for the pupa, 

 without changing its primitive form. This subdivision comprises three families, [Tonyifoma, Xuta- 

 cant ha, and Athericera]. 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE DIPTERA,— 



The Tani stom \, — 



Is distinguished by having the last joint of the antennae (not reckoning the style), not transversely 

 annulated, and the sucker consists of four pit 



Their larvae resemble long worms, marly cylindric, and without feet, with a scaly brad of constant 

 form, always furnished with honks or retractile appendages, which serve them for gnawing i>r sucking 



the substances On which they subsist. The majority live in the earth, and change their »km 00 

 assuming the pupa state. The pnpSB are naked, and exhibit many of the external parts of th< 



which escapes from its exuviae by ■ slit down the back. 



A tirst division comprises those Diptera which have the proboscis always entirely, nr almost entirely, 

 exserted, with the sheath of a rathi r solid, nearly horn] consistence, being more or less porrected, 



and either cylindric, conic, or filiform, terminating without any marked dilatation ; the palpi 

 are small. 



Some of these live by rapine, and have the body oblong, with the thora\ narrow in front; the wings 



incumbent on the body; the proboscis short, or but slightly elongated, and forming a kind of fa 

 the antennae .ne close together, and the palpi exposed. 



