PULMOXARIA. 



453 



have not been adopted as the ground- work of this arrangement, Chelifer and Scorpio 

 being united together, whilst in the fifth order we find the " Mites " (but no definition 

 is given to enable us to judge what group is thereby intended) separated from the 

 remainder of the Acarides, which form the sixth order. 



In this valuable work the author proposes to treat of all the Apterous insects, exclu- 

 sive of the Crustacea ; but the first volume only is yet published. Distinguished as 

 its author has long been for his writings upon the Arachnida*, the present work, form- 

 ing a portion of the Suites a Buff on, is very valuable, as containing a mass of mate- 

 rials never before published, with the substance of the various works which the author 

 has already given to the world. Much interesting detail relative to the habits of 

 these animals is here collected, and a great number of species as well as genera of 

 Spiders, are described in this volume.] 



THE FIRST ORDER OF ARACHNIDA — 



PULMONARIA, (Unogata, Fabricius),— 



Possesses, as above stated, a system of circulation well defined, and pulmonary sacs, always 

 placed beneath the belly, and externally indicated by transverse orifices {stigmata), sometimes 

 eight in number, four on each side, but sometimes four or only two in number. The number 

 of simple eves is six or eight f, whilst in the following order there are not more than four, 

 often two, sometimes very indistinct or even wanting. 



The heart is a great vessel, extending the whole length of the back, and emits branches on 

 eacli side, and in front. X The legs are constantly eight in number. The head is also sold- 

 ered to the thorax, and exhibits at its anterior and upper extremity two claws, (mandibles of 

 authors, but named chelicera or antennal claws by Latreille,) terminated by two fingers, one 

 of which is moveable, or by a single one, which forms a moveable hook.§ The mouth is 

 composed of a labrum, (see the general observations on the class) ; two palpi, Bometimcs 

 having the appearance of arms or claw-legs \ two or four maxilla', composed, when there are 

 only two, of the basal joint of the first pair of legs; and of a tongue of one or two parts. [| 

 By taking, as the ground of classification, the progressive diminution of the pulmonary sacs 

 and spiracles, the Scorpions, in which there are eight, (whilst there arc only four or two in 

 other Arachnida,) ought to form the first genus in the class; and hence our family Pedipalpi,to 

 which it belongs, ought to precede that of the spinning species [Artmeides), which arrang 

 ment I adopted in my Families Naturelles, and Dufour also is of a similar opinion. Rut 

 these last Arachnida arc in some respects isolated, in consequence of their male organs of 

 generation, the hook of their frontal claws, their abdomen pedunculated, the spinnerets, and 

 their habits. The Scorpions, moreover, seem to form a natural passage between the pulmonary 

 Arachnida ami the family of the Pseudo-scorpions, the first of the following order. We 



therefore commence with the S|>mmiiL r Arachnida. 



• - , In. Htumt I'nTiiirnnr, Inicctes, f. S | Tableau drt Arnnridri, 

 Uv, and Jffieerr* mr unr SuUvrUc 



CltitiO'* '''''"" **" ^renteteVf, in the AnuaU of the Entomological 



- 



r, 11 .i'ui* )i<\ i. <lt-scribed as having only four eye*, but 



j I etui. 



i v i ,.r-im k ' to M. Man m the Bplden and 



.n. ti carried hr.i to the respiratory org*ufl,and tht ' 

 peculiar reaael*, to ibe <iiiT- n di pari ■ Hut fhra analogy 



the fixcl thumb, and of a second joint, which constitutes the l 

 -, either •» > finger or as a simple h >>k. 



I Tint ol tin- Scorpion* app* u 



of an elongated, poloted triangle, prodn lateral 



. 



may be i-i.ii.nirn -1 i». n. o maxilu* analogue! lo IB \illar. 



In Mygale, > . - ■ r .. i . < . \i . Cm palpi are ■ uii 



in (hi I, '« ililit',1 ■ i rhti lobe, 



irtleolaled ,i 



with the Crnataeea, the drcttlatfain la probably effected In i joint, the pelpl u In 'he 



maoner [See (Verbena* on the oal f theae animal*.) ■■ m tn« 



I Thcae organa conaUt of a ew< lnt,ol erhlchoneol the claws of the Crabs, a sixth joint. 



superior angles [when the claw is dldactyle), is prodnced, forming 



