458 



ARACHNIDA. 



narrowed to a point at the tip ; the males not having a strong joint at the extremity of the anterior tibia?,— constitute 

 the following genera : — 



Atypus, Latr., Oletera, Walck., having a very minute tongue, and the eyes placed close together upon a 

 tubercle. Type, A. Sulzeri, Latr., Aranea picea, Sulzer, about two-thirds of an inch long, and anteriorly of 

 a blackish colour. This species burrows, in shelving ground, covered with turf, a cylindrical 

 cell, curved below, lined with a white silken tube. The egg-case is aifixed by silken threads 

 attached to each end, to the bottom of this tube. It is found in the vicinity of Paris, Bordeaux, 

 &c. M. Milbert has sent another species, found in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia. 



Eriodon, Latr., MUtulena, Walck., has the tongue long and narrow, and the eyes dispersed on 

 the front of the thorax. E. occatorius, Latr., from New Holland. 



Chalinura, Dalm., has the eyes placed on a very elevated frontal tubercle; four of these (the 

 two anterior being very large) occupying the centre ; the external spinnerets are very long. 

 Founded on a species observed by Dalman, in Copal. 



Fig. 29.— Aivpua 

 Sulzeri. 



Our second and last division of the quadripulnionary Spiders (or genus Mygale) is 

 characterised, as in Eriodon, by a narrow tongue, prolonged between the maxillae, and 

 by 5-jointed palpi, but the hooks of the chelicerre are folded upon their inner face ; they have six 

 spinnerets ; the first pair of legs, and not the fourth, is the longest, and the third the shortest. Some 

 have only six eyes. The number of their pulmonary sacs does not allow us to separate this subdivision 

 from the preceding ; as they lead to Drassus, Clotbo, and Segestria, which have only two pulmonary 

 sacs, the natural order does not permit us to pass from Mygale to the chasing Spiders, Lycosa ; 

 Mygale, in fact, consists of weaving Spiders, and it is in this division that A. avicularia was originally 

 placed by Linnaeus. 



Dysdera, Latr., has six eyes, arranged in a horse-shoe, with the open part in front ; the chelicera; very robust and 

 advanced, and the maxillae straight and dilated at the insertion of the palpi. Type, D. erythrina, Latr., Walck., 

 [France, England. The Spiders of this and a new allied genus (Oonops) have formed the subject of a memoir, 

 published by It. Templeton, Esq., in the last volume of the Zoological Journal.] 



Filistata, Latr., has eight eyes, arranged on a small elevation at the anterior extremity of the thorax ; the 

 chelicerae are small, and the maxillae curved on the outer edge, and forming an arch round the tongue. Type, 

 T. bicolor, Latr., France. Another species is found at Guadaloupe, differing in having longer legs, &c. 



We now pass to those species of Spiders which have only a pair of pulmonary sacs and spiracles. 

 All the following species possess 5-jointed palpi, inserted on the outer edge of the maxilte, near to the 

 base, and often in a notch, the tongue produced between them, and either square, triangular, or semi- 

 circular, and six spinnerets at the anus. The last joint of the palpi of the males is more or less ovoid, 

 and generally incloses in an excavation a very complicated sexual organ, but in Segestria it is simple. 

 With the exception of a very few species, entering into the genus Mygale, they compose that of 



Aranea, Lin. (Araneus of some authors), 

 [Which Latreille divides into two principal groups, according to their sedentary or wandering habits.] 

 The first division comprises the sedentary Spiders, which construct webs, or at least throw out threads 

 for the capture of their prey, and generally station themselves upon or near their webs as well as near 

 their eggs. Their eyes are close together, upon the broad part of the forehead, sometimes eight in 

 number (four or two being in the middle, and the others at the side), or sometimes only six. [This 

 division comprises two subdivisions, the Rectigrades and the Laterigrades.] 



The first of these subdivisions comprises those species which always walk straight forwards, whence 

 are named Rectigrades : they weave close webs, upon which they remain stationary, with their legs 

 elevated in repose. Sometimes the two anterior and the two posterior are longest, and sometimes the 

 four anterior, or the fourth and the third pairs. The eyes are not arranged in a crescent. 



We may divide these into three sections [the Tnbiteles, Inequiteles, and Orbiteles~\. 



The Tubitel^e, or Tapestry-weavers, have cylindrical spinnerets, placed close together in a bunch 

 directed backwards. The legs are robust, with the anterior or posterior pair largest in some, but all the 

 legs of nearly equal size in the others. 



In the two following subgenera, the maxillae form an arch round the tongue, thus approaching Filistata, and 

 receding from the following. The eyes are always eight in number, arranged four and four in two transverse lines. 



Clot/to (Walck., Uroctea, Dufour,) a singular genus, with very small chelicerae, capable of being but slightly 

 extended, without teeth, with very small hooks, the body short, legs long, and scarcely varying in relative length ; 

 the eyes are close together, and arranged in the same manner as in Mygale, Walck., three on each side, forming 

 a curve, with the two other larger ones in a line between them ; the maxillae and tongue are proportionably short ; 



