498 



INSECTA. 



Stcnolophus, Zeigl., differs in haying the penultimate joint of the four anterior tarsi— at least in the males, and 

 the same in the posterior tarsi in some species— divided to the base into two lobes. Type, Carabus vaporario- 

 rum, Linn., &c. 



Acupalpus, Latr., in which the four anterior tarsi differ but slightly from the posterior, with the intermediate 

 joints rounded, nearly moniliform, and villose. The outer palpi are terminated by a joint pointed at the tip. They 

 are very small, and seem to unite with Trechus. Type, Carabus meridianus, Linn., [a very common little English 

 species]. 



[Many additional genera, allied to Harpalus, have been separated by Dejean, Laporte, Chaudoir, 

 Erichson, and other continental Entomologists ; but they are, for the most part, founded upon minute 

 structural characters, not requiring notice in this edition.] 



4. The fourth section, Simplicimani, approach the preceding in the manner in which the elytra 

 are terminated ; but the two anterior tarsi are alone dilated in the males, without forming a square or 

 orbicular plate. Sometimes the first three joints are evidently larger, and the following is always 

 much smaller than the preceding. Sometimes this and the two preceding are broader, nearly equal, in 

 the shape of a heart reversed, or triangular. The basal joints of the four succeeding tarsi are slenderer 

 and longer, nearly cylindrical, or in the shape of a long reversed cone. Some have the ungues of the 

 tarsi simple, or without teeth. 



In a first subdivision, of considerable extent, the third joint of the antennas is at most as long again 

 as the preceding joint ; the legs robust ; and the thorax, in its broadest part, as wide as the elytra. 

 Sometimes the mandibles are evidently shorter than the head, and do not extend beyond the labium 

 more than half their length. 



We commence with those which have all the outer palpi filiform. 



Zabrus, Bonelli, has the last joint of the maxillary palpi sensibly shorter than the preceding, and the two anterior 

 tibiae are terminated by two spines. Type, Carabus gibbus, Fabr., [a species of not very common occurrence in 

 this country, an'd which has been ascertained to feed upon growing- corn]. 



Pogonus, Zeigl., which in the natural order appears allied to Amara, has the two basal joints alone, of the ante- 

 rior tarsi, dilated in the males, the basal joint being the largest. The body is more oblong. These insects appear 

 exclusively to inhabit the sea-coast, or the shores of salt water. [Harpalus luridipennis, Germar.] 



Tetragonoderus, Dejean, has theanteriortarsiof the males proportionately less dilated than in the following, the 

 basal joints being narrower and more elongated, and rather in the shape of a reversed cone than a heart. They 

 are peculiar to South America. [Harpalus circumfusus, Germar.] 



Feronia, Latr., has the anterior tarsi of the males, with the three first joints strongly dilated, obcordate, with 

 the second and third rather transverse than longitudinal. This subgenus comprises a great number of generic 

 groups, indicated by Dejean in his Catalogue, which are as follow : — Amara, Pcecilus, Argutor, Omaseus, Plati/sma, 

 Pterostichus, Abax, Steropus, Percus, Molops, and Cophosus. Dejean, however, having perceived the difficulty of 

 characterizing them, united them all, with the exception of the first, into a great generical group, for which he re- 

 tained my name Feronia. But as to Amara, I have in vain searched for characters to distinguish it from the 

 other genera. That derived from the tooth of the notch of the mentuni, not to speak of its unimportance, is a very 

 equivocal character. This tooth, in all these Carabici, appears to me to have a notch at its tip, but rather more 

 distinct and deep in some than in others. The moniliform structure of the antennae of some of the groups appears 

 to me not to be assignable with precision to the limits of such groups. I may say the same of the concavity of 

 the front margin of the labrum, and the form of the thorax. 



The Ferouue may be arranged in three sections.— 1st. The species generally winged, which have the body more 

 or less oval ; slightly convex or arched above, with the antennae more filiform ; the head proportionally narrowed, 

 and the mandibles rather less exposed. In their habits they appear to approach Zabrus and Harpalus. Such are 

 Amara*, with the thorax transverse ; Pcecilus, in which it is nearly as long as broad, and the antennae are short, 

 with the third joint compressed and angular ; and Argutor, similar to Pcecilus, but with longer antennae, of 

 which the third joint is not angulated.— 2nd. The species generally winged, but with the body straight, flat, or hori- 

 zontal above, and the head nearly as broad. Such are PtaUisma, Bon. ; to which we may unite that of Omaseus 

 and Catadromus, Macl.— 3rd. The species analogous to the preceding in their general characters, but which differ 

 in wanting wings. The majority of these have the thorax not uniformly cordate or truncate, and the elytra have 

 a transverse fold at the base. Sometimes the thorax is nearly square or truncate-cordate, with the posterior 

 angles acute ; (genera Cophosus, Zeigl. ; C. cylindricus, Austria, having the body oblong, square, or cylindrical, 

 and Abax, Bonelli, having the body generally oval, depressed, or slightly convex — type, Carabus striola, Fabr., 

 [a common British species], found in the cold and moist parts of forests, &c), whilst sometimes the thorax is 

 terminated behind in two acute angles, and evidently narrowed. Those species with the body depressed 

 on the upper side form the genus Pterostichus, Bonelli ; whilst those with the upper side of the body more convex 

 form the genus Molops ; from the former of which literopus has been detached, having the posterior angles of the 

 thorax rounded. We terminate the subgenus with species of large size, in which the thorax is always truncate-cor- 

 date, and the base of the elytra has not the transverse fold. Such is the chief character of Pereus, Bonelli -type, 



* Some species of very short stature form the genus Lrirns of some 

 writers. Scolytus Jlexuotui, Fabr., appears to helouif to this division, 



but Dejean says thst the four anterior tarsi are dilated, but they appear 



to him to be more so on the outside than on the inner edge. Henci 

 it may form a separate cenus, Ct/closomus. 



