568 INSECTA. 



The Cicada^ are found upon trees, or shrubs, of which they suck the sap. The female pierces the small twig's of 

 dead branches of trees as far as the pith with its ovipositor, lodged in a semi-tubular sheath formed of two valves, 

 and composed of three scaly pieces of a narrow and elongated form, two of which are terminated like a tile, in 

 order to deposit their eggs therein, the number of which being great, the female makes a succession of slits, the 

 place of which is indicated by so many elevations on the exterior. The young larva; quit their birth-place, how- 

 ever, in order to descend into the ground, where they increase in size and become pupae. Their fore-legs are short, 

 the fore thighs being very strong, and armed with teeth, fitted for burrowing in the earth. The Greeks devoured 

 the pupae, which they called Tettigometra, as well as the perfect insect. Before coupling the males were preferred, 

 but afterwards the females were selected, being filled with eggs. The Cicada Ormi, by puncturing the elm, causes 

 it to discharge the saccharine purgative fluid which has been termed manna. 



[The genus is very numerous, and the species are found in all the warmer regions of the globe, some being of 

 large size. In England we, however, possess but a single species, which has been figured by Curtis under the 

 name of C. anglica. It has only occurred in the New Forest, in Hampshire.] 



The species which have a slit on the upper side of the abdomen, exposing the timbale, such as C. hcematodes, &c, 

 compose the genus Tibicen of my Fatn. Nat. C. ortii, Fab., may in this respect form another genus. [See 

 the monographs of Germar.] 



The other CicadaricC (Muettes) have only three distinct joints to the antennae, and two small ocelli. 

 Their legs are in general fitted for leaping ; neither of the sexes is furnished with organs for the pro- 

 duction of sound. 



The wing-covers are often coriaceous and opaque ; many of the females envelope their eggs in a 

 white cottony mass. 



Some of these (Fidgorellce) have the antennae inserted immediately beneath the eyes, and the fore- 

 head is often prolonged into a muzzle, varying in figure according to the species. This is the distin- 

 guishing character of the genus 



Fulgora, Linn. 



The species in which the forehead is advanced, with two ocelli, and which have no appendage beneath the 

 antennae, are the true Fulgora of Fabricius. Such is Fulgora laternaria, Linn., a very large species, varied with 



yellow and red, with a large eye-like spot on each of the hind 



^^ il/nT") wings ; the muzzle is very much dilated, and vesicular. Ac- 



i^^^nyYf cording to some travellers, this insect is affirmed to emit a very 



_^ _^^5£glBp W^^j?3r strong light during the dusk. [It is an inhabitant of South 



>^E^iPK332==^d'%V^>l~ America. The statement of its luminous properties, originating 



,^^^^ >^^g^aa^ig fi^ ^^^ §5||Fk with Madame Merian, requires confirmation. The species of 



Mfr^2£^^^^^i^^^/y S^^P ^=^ the true genus Fulgora are rather numerous, extraordinary in 



§§|s|g^U<s!£^lP^ I ^ S *°^ c ^ their forms and colours, and widely dispersed. I have published 



^ifgHj^lfgp^v^^fl^ a monograph, with figures of many new species, m the last part 



The south of Europe possesses a small species belonging to 

 Fig. 99.-Fuigora Uternania. the same genus, F. europaa: [belong to the subgenus Dictyo- 



phara, Burm.] 



Other Cicadarioe, with the forehead advanced, but wanting ocelli, and having two slender appendages beneath 

 each antenna, compose the genus Otiocerus, Kirby (Cobax, Germar). [Small American insects, monographed 

 by Kirby.] 



Those in which the head is not remarkably produced in front are formed by Fabricius into several genera, to 

 which others subsequently established, [especially by Germar, Guerin, and Burmeister,] must be added. 



Sometimes the antennae are shorter than the head, inserted at a distance from the eyes, in some of which the two 

 ocelli are distinct. 



Lystra, Fab., similar, at first sight, to small Cicadae. The body and wing-covers are elongated, the second joint 

 of the antennae is nearly globular, and granular, as in the Fulgorae. 



Cixius, Latr., resembles Lystra, but the second joint of the antennae is cylindric and entire. The genns Achilus, 

 K. [founded upon an Australian species, A. flammeus, K.] scarcely differs from Cixius. 



I have separated, under the generic name of Tittigometra, insects analogous to the preceding, but in which the 

 antennae are lodged between the posterior and lateral angles of the head and those of the anterior extremity of 

 the thorax. The eyes are not prominent. [Small European insects.] Cal/dea, Germar, appears to be closely 

 allied to Tettigometra, of which they have the aspect, and are described as having the antennae inserted beneath 

 the eyes. 



In the others the ocelli are wanting. 



The species which have the wing-covers large, and the prothorax evidently shorter in the middle than the 

 mesothorax, compose the subgenus Pceciloptera, Latr., Flata, Fabr. 



Issus, Fab., is composed of those species in which the prothorax is at least as long as the mesothorax, and 

 the wing-covers, shorter, or as long as the abdomen, are dilated at the base, and subsequently narrowed. 



